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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CVD4 FAGI |
cardiovascular disease fatty acids gastrointestinal monounsaturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids triglycerides |
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Lips |
diverse group of molecules that are insoluble in water -fats- lipids occurs as fats and oils
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types of lipids |
triglycerides, phopholipids, sterols |
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saturated monosaturated polysaturated |
-fatty acids have hydrogen atoms surrounding every carbon in the chain -fattu aciids lack one hydrogen atom -have more than one double bond |
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saturated |
pack tightly solid at room temperature, |
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unsaturated |
do not stack well together more liquid at room temperature can be cis or trans |
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hydrogenation |
hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fatty acids. -make oils more solid and more unsaturated create trans fatty acids redue oxidation :resist rancidity increase risk of cardiovascular disease |
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phosopholipids |
glycerol backbone 2 fatty acids phosphate hydrophobic end which is their lipid tail and a hydrophilic end head |
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phospholipid |
in the liver called lecithins aids fat in bloodstream manufacutured in our bodies |
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sterols |
absolutely vital contain multiple rights of carbon found in both plant and animal foods and produced in the body not necessary in diet, decrease cholesterol, sex hormones |
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fat digestion |
begin in small intestine cholecytokinin and secretin : gallbladder contactions release bile bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
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lipoprotein chylomicron |
-transports lipids for absorbtion -lipoprotein produced in enterocytes to transport lipids from a meal. composed of fatty acids surrounded by phosopholipids |
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tryglycerides in the chylomicrons must be disassembles before they can enter___ |
body cells |
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Lipolysis:
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- triglycerides are broken down by lipase to yield 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
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lipoprotein lipase |
breaks down TGL from lipoprotein |
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hormone sensitive lipase |
breaks TGL in adipose cells |
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Glycerol is converted to ____ then to ___ for entry into the TCA cycle or regeneration of glucose |
pyruvate, acetyl CoA |
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beta oxidation |
attached to albumin, FA are transported to working celss in need of energy -FA must be activated by Coenzyme A before being shuttled across the mitochondrial membrane by carnitine |
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role of fat major fuel at rest |
regulated cell function maintaines membrane protects the body 30-70% energy |
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how much fat? |
acceptable macronutrtion distribution range 20-35% minimize saturated and trans fatty acids intake to lower risk of heart disease less than 7% saturated |
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Linoleic alpha linolenic |
AMDR of 5-10% of energy .6-1.2% of energy |
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risk to cardiovascular disease |
being overweight physical inactivity smoking high blood pressure diabetes mellitus inflammation |
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highly saturated and trans fat intakes w-3 fatty acids |
high blood cholesterol - decrease inflammation and blood triglycerides, lower HDL |
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blood lipids include |
chylomicrons-present only after a meal very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Low density (LDL) high density lipoproteins (HDL) |
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diets high in saturated fats |
decreases the removal of LDL's from the blood increases blood cholesterol levels
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diets high in trans fatty acids |
can raise blood levels of LDL cholesterol as much as saturated fat are abundant in hydrogenated vegetable oils FDA required that trans fatty acid content be listed on labels for conventional foods and some dietary supplements |
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dietary fiber folate |
20-30 grams per day 400 micrograms/day-maintain low blood levels of homectsteine associated with increase of CVD |
