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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integument |
Skin. Largest organ |
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Epidermis |
Superficial layer of stratified squamous epithelium |
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Dermis |
Deeper layer of Areolar and dense irregular connective tissue |
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Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) |
Not part of the skin: lies under dermis and is composed mostly of adipose tissue |
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Integument functions |
Protection, prevention of water loss, temperature regulation, metabolic regulation, immune defense, sensory reception, excretion by means of secretion |
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Epidermis |
Epithelium of the skin, avascular, stratified squamous epithelium, composed of several layers (strata) |
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Epidermal strata (from deep to superficial) |
-stratum basale (germinativum) -stratum spinosum -stratum granulosum -stratum lucidum (found only in thick skin) - stratum corneum |
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Stratum basale |
Single layer of cells that are capable of mitosis. Cells are adjacent to the dermis |
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Keratinocytes |
Most abundant; produce keratin to protect and waterproof the skin |
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Melanocytes |
Cells that produce the pigment melanin, which absorbs UV light to prevent DNA damage |
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Tactile cells |
Sensitive to touch |
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Stratum Granulosum |
Keratin is produce here.... basic structural component of hair & nails; cells begin to die |
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Stratum lucidum |
Thin, translucent region, two to three layers thick. Present only in thick skin (palms of the hands and soles of the feet) |
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Stratum corneum |
Most superficial layer of epidermis. Thickness varies from 20 to 30 layers thick depending on location on the body. Comprised to solely dead cells |
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Thick skin vs think skin |
Thick skin contains all five layer of the epidermis; found in palms of hands and soles of feet. Thin skin lacks stratum lucidum; covers most of body. |
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Papillary layer |
Superficial; adjacent to epidermis |
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Reticular layer |
Deeper and thicker layer |
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Lines of cleavage |
An incision parallel to cleavage lines is more likely to heal quickly and not gape open |
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Vasoconstriction |
Narrowing blood vessel diameter; used to shunt blood away from periphery |
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Vasodilation |
Widening blood vessel diameter; used to move blood toward periphery for releasing heat |
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Lunula |
White semilunar proximal area of nail |
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Eponychium |
Cuticle |
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4 types of hair |
Lanugo,vellus, intermediate, and terminal hair |
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Lanula |
Downy hair on a fetus; replaces by vellus |
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Vellus |
Peach fuzz hairs over much of body |
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Intermediate |
Change in their distribution (upper/lower limbs) |
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Terminal |
Heavy, pigmented, can be curly |
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Arrector pili |
Muscles attach to hair shaft (produce goosebumps) |
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Functions of hair |
Protection, heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal |
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Sweat glands |
Produce watery solution |
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Sebaceous glands |
Produce oily secretion |
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Merocrine sweat glands |
Simple coiled tubular glands that release secretion into a duct with a pore on skin's surface. Secretion is 99% water, clear and controlled by nervous system. Numerous on palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead. |
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Apocrine sweat glands |
Simple coiled tubular glands that secrete into hair follicles at the armpits (axillae), nipples (areola), groin (pubic region), and anus (anal region) |
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Sebaceous glands |
Secrete oily sebum into hair follicles or directly onto skin surface |
