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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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General functions of skin |
Protection of underlying tissues and organs, excretion of waste, maintenance of temp, production of melanin, production of keratin, synthesis of vitamin D, storage of lipids, detection of touch |
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Main layers of skin |
Epidermis and dermis |
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Epidermis |
Epithelial tissue only |
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Dermis |
Layer of connective tissue, nerve and muscles |
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Subcutaneous tissue |
Layer of adipose and areolar tissue |
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Overview of epidermis |
Stratifies squamous epithelium, contains no blood vessels, 4 types of cell, 5 layers of cell |
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Epidermic cell types |
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic, merkel |
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Epidermic cell types |
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic, merkel |
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Keratinocytes |
90% of epidermic cells; produces keratin |
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Melanocytes |
8% of epidermic cells; produce melanin pigment; transfers melanin to other cells |
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Dendritic cells |
From bone marrow; provide immunity |
White blood cells |
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Dendritic cells |
From bone marrow; provide immunity |
White blood cells |
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Merkel cells |
Form touch receptor with sensory neuron |
Sits on a neuron |
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Layers of epidermis |
Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum |
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Layers of epidermis |
Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum |
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Basale layer |
Deepest single layer of cells; combo of merkel cells, melanocytes, and stem cells that divide repeatedly |
Bottom layer |
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Epidermal growth factor |
A peptide growth factor that increases cell division; stimulates wound healing after injury |
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Spinosum layer |
8-10 layers held together by desmosomes; cells can still divide, during slide preparation cells shrink and look spiny |
Spiny layer |
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Spinosum layer |
8-10 layers held together by desmosomes; cells can still divide, during slide preparation cells shrink and look spiny |
Spiny layer |
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Granulosum layer |
3-5 layers of flat cells that no longer divide; contain proteins |
Grainy layer |
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Lucidum layer |
Seen in thick skin of palms and soles of feet |
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Corneum layer |
25-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids; water resistant; continuously sheds |
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Keratinization and epidermal growth |
Stem cells in basale layer divide to produce keratinocytes; as keratinocytes are pushed up towards the surface, they fill with keratin and keratohylin |
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Keratinization and epidermal growth |
Stem cells in basale layer divide to produce keratinocytes; as keratinocytes are pushed up towards the surface, they fill with keratin and keratohylin |
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Skin grafts |
New skin cant reproduce if basale later and its stem cells are destroyed; a covering of wound with piece of healthy skin |
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Keratinization and epidermal growth |
Stem cells in basale layer divide to produce keratinocytes; as keratinocytes are pushed up towards the surface, they fill with keratin and keratohylin |
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Skin grafts |
New skin cant reproduce if basale later and its stem cells are destroyed; a covering of wound with piece of healthy skin |
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Dermis |
Connective tissue layer composed of collagen and elastic fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, and fat cells; contains hair follicles, glands, nerves and blood vessels |
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Keratinization and epidermal growth |
Stem cells in basale layer divide to produce keratinocytes; as keratinocytes are pushed up towards the surface, they fill with keratin and keratohylin |
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Skin grafts |
New skin cant reproduce if basale later and its stem cells are destroyed; a covering of wound with piece of healthy skin |
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Dermis |
Connective tissue layer composed of collagen and elastic fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, and fat cells; contains hair follicles, glands, nerves and blood vessels |
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Major regions of dermis |
Papillary and reticular |
Only 2 |
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Papillary region |
Top 20% of dermis; composed of loose connective tissue and elastic fibers; fingerlike projections called dermal papillae; anchors epidermis to dermis |
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Papillary region |
Top 20% of dermis; composed of loose connective tissue and elastic fibers; fingerlike projections called dermal papillae; anchors epidermis to dermis |
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Reticular region |
Dense irregular connective tissue; contains interlacing collagen and elastic fibers; packed with oil glands, sweat glands, fat, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerves; provides strength, extensibility, and elasticity to skin |
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Hypodermis |
Adipose layer that serves as insulation |
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Freckles |
Melanocytes in a patch |
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Freckles |
Melanocytes in a patch |
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Albanism |
Inherited lack of tyrosinase; redness due to hemoglobin |
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Jaundice |
Yellowish color to skin and whites of eyes; buildup of yellow bilirubin in blood |
From liver disease |
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Jaundice |
Yellowish color to skin and whites of eyes; buildup of yellow bilirubin in blood |
From liver disease |
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Cyanotic |
Bluish color to nail beds and skin |
From depletion of oxygen |
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Jaundice |
Yellowish color to skin and whites of eyes; buildup of yellow bilirubin in blood |
From liver disease |
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Cyanotic |
Bluish color to nail beds and skin |
From depletion of oxygen |
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Addison's disease |
Deep bronze color |
Due to pituitary tumor |
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Jaundice |
Yellowish color to skin and whites of eyes; buildup of yellow bilirubin in blood |
From liver disease |
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Cyanotic |
Bluish color to nail beds and skin |
From depletion of oxygen |
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Addison's disease |
Deep bronze color |
Due to pituitary tumor |
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Rosacea |
Permanent enlargement of facial blood vessels |
Rosey cheeks |
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Jaundice |
Yellowish color to skin and whites of eyes; buildup of yellow bilirubin in blood |
From liver disease |
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Cyanotic |
Bluish color to nail beds and skin |
From depletion of oxygen |
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Addison's disease |
Deep bronze color |
Due to pituitary tumor |
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Rosacea |
Permanent enlargement of facial blood vessels |
Rosey cheeks |
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Vitiligo |
Loss of pigment |
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Vitamin D production |
Epidermal cells produce vitamin D3 in presence of UV light; liver and kidney convert D3 into calcitrol which aids absorption of calcium and phosphorus in G1 tract |
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Hair |
Keratinized dead cells |
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Hair |
Keratinized dead cells |
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Hair stuctured |
Shaft, root, follicle, arrector pili, hair root plexus |
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Hair |
Keratinized dead cells |
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Hair stuctured |
Shaft, root, follicle, arrector pili, hair root plexus |
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Hair shaft |
Visible portion of hair |
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Hair root |
Below the surface |
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Hair root |
Below the surface |
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Hair follicle |
Location where hair is produced and surrounds root |
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Arrector pili |
Smooth muscle in dermis contracts with cold or fear |
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Hair root plexus |
Detect hair movement |
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Hair root plexus |
Detect hair movement |
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Hair color |
Results of melanin produced by melanocytes in hair bulb |
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Types of glands |
Oil, sweat, and wax |
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Types of glands |
Oil, sweat, and wax |
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Oil glands |
Combo of cholesterol, protein, fats and salts; keeps hair and skin soft/pliable; inhibits growth of bacteria and fungi |
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Types of sweat glands |
Apocrine and eccrine (merocrine) |
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Types of sweat glands |
Apocrine and eccrine (merocrine) |
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Apocrine glands |
Secretes secretions into hair follicles |
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Types of sweat glands |
Apocrine and eccrine (merocrine) |
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Apocrine glands |
Secretes secretions into hair follicles |
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Eccrine (merocrine) glands |
Found in most areas of skin; secretory portion in dermis with duct to surface; regulates body temp with perspiration |
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Wax glands |
Wax helps form barrier for entrance of foreign bodies in ears |
Only in ears |
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Nails |
Tightly packed keratinized cells |
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Nails |
Tightly packed keratinized cells |
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Structure of nails |
Nail body, nail root, cuticle, nail matrix |
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Nails |
Tightly packed keratinized cells |
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Structure of nails |
Nail body, nail root, cuticle, nail matrix |
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Nail body |
Visible portion pink due to underlying capillaries |
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Nails |
Tightly packed keratinized cells |
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Structure of nails |
Nail body, nail root, cuticle, nail matrix |
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Nail body |
Visible portion pink due to underlying capillaries |
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Nail root |
Burried under skin layers |
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Nails |
Tightly packed keratinized cells |
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Structure of nails |
Nail body, nail root, cuticle, nail matrix |
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Nail body |
Visible portion pink due to underlying capillaries |
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Nail root |
Burried under skin layers |
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Cuticle |
Corneum layer over nail root |
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Nails |
Tightly packed keratinized cells |
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Structure of nails |
Nail body, nail root, cuticle, nail matrix |
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Nail body |
Visible portion pink due to underlying capillaries |
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Nail root |
Burried under skin layers |
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Cuticle |
Corneum layer over nail root |
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Nail matrix |
Below nail root, produces nail growth |
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Wound healing steps |
1) blood clotting and scab formation 2) basale cells migrate across the wound (horizontal cell division) 3) contact inhibition with other cells stops migration 4) full thickness of epidermis results from further vertical cell division (scab falls off) |
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Scar |
Repaired dermis contains abnormally large amounts of collagen |
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Skin cancers |
Basale cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas |
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Skin cancers |
Basale cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas |
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Basale cell carcinoma |
Rarely metastasizes |
Warts |
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Skin cancers |
Basale cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas |
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Basale cell carcinoma |
Rarely metastasizes |
Warts |
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Squamous cell carcinoma |
May metastasize |
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Skin cancers |
Basale cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas |
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Basale cell carcinoma |
Rarely metastasizes |
Warts |
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Squamous cell carcinoma |
May metastasize |
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Malignant melanomas |
Metastasizes rapidly |
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