Ch 49 Ap Bio

Front 1

parasympathetic

Back 1

activities that gain and conserve E, "rest and digest," opposite to sympathetic

Front 2

afferent neurons

Back 2

neurons that move information form PNS to CNS

Front 3

autonomic nervous system

Back 3

involuntary, automatic functions, smooth and cardiac muscles

Front 4

Axon formation in the medulla

Back 4

cross from one side of the CNS to the other. Right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, and vice versa

Front 5

Blood-brain barrier

Back 5

formed by tight junctions between capillaries in the brain; restricts the passage of most substances into the CNS (type of glia)

Front 6

brain stem parts

Back 6

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Front 7

cephalization

Back 7

neurons clustered in a brain

Front 8

cerebellum

Back 8

controls balance and coordination or movement, learning and remembering motor responses

Front 9

cerebral cortex

Back 9

outer part of cerebrum, voluntary movement and cognitive functions. 2 hemispheres (R&L), each with 4 lobes

Front 10

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 10

formed in the brain by filtration of blood, in central canal and ventricles of the brain. Supplies nutrients, hormones, carries away wastes. In mammals, cushions the brain and spinal chord

Front 11

cerebrum

Back 11

information processing, formulates complex behavioral responses

Front 12

cnidarians

Back 12

nerve net

Front 13

CNS

Back 13

brain and spinal cord, very highly coordinated, derived from dorsal nerve cord in the embryo

Front 14

corpus callosum

Back 14

nerves that connect the 2 cerebral cortex halves to communicate between hemispheres

Front 15

echinoderms

Back 15

nerves

Front 16

efferent neurons

Back 16

neurons that transmit instructions from CNS to PNS

Front 17

enteric

Back 17

digestive tract, pancreas, gall bladder; normally is regulated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

Front 18

epilepsy

Back 18

impaired communication between hemispheres of cerebral cortex

Front 19

frontal lobe

Back 19

motor coordination, speech

Front 20

Functions of brain stem

Back 20

maintains homeostasis, coordination of movement, info transmission to and from higher brain regions

Front 21

ganglia

Back 21

clusters of neurons

Front 22

glial cells

Back 22

several kinds, assist neurons

Front 23

gray matter

Back 23

unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites (parts of the nerve cells that receive information. Outside of brain, inside of spinal cord

Front 24

hypothalamus

Back 24

very important for homeostasis (see list on the outline)

Front 25

limbic system

Back 25

emotions, feelings, emotional bonding, and extended nurturing of infants. group of structures surrounding brainstem in mammals

Front 26

motor division

Back 26

carries signals form CNS to effector cells

Front 27

neocortex

Back 27

outer region of the cerebral cortex in humans, consists of layers of neurons, highly convoluted (form fits function)

Front 28

nerve net

Back 28

interconnected nerve cells

Front 29

nerves

Back 29

multiple nerve cells bundled together

Front 30

occipital lobe

Back 30

vision

Front 31

pallium

Back 31

in birds, similar to human cerebral cortex for memory and flying

Front 32

parietal lobe

Back 32

sensory, speech, taste, reading

Front 33

PNS

Back 33

network of nerves extending into different parts of the body, carry sensory input into CNS and motor input away from CNS

Front 34

predators or fast-moving animals

Back 34

more complex nervous systems

Front 35

reflexes

Back 35

rapid, involuntary response in which spinal cord acts independently of the brain

Front 36

reticular formation

Back 36

filters info coming from neurons, sends info to cerebral cortex. Deals with sleep and alertness, the more info=more arousal

Front 37

sensory division

Back 37

brings info from sensory receptors to CNS

Front 38

sessile or slow-moving animals

Back 38

relatively simple sense organs, little or no cephalization

Front 39

simplest CNS

Back 39

planarians

Front 40

somatic (motor) nervous system

Back 40

skeletal muscles, involuntary reflexes

Front 41

specific brain stem functions

Back 41

control visceral functions including breathing, heart and blood vessel circulation, swallowing, vomiting, digestion, sleep, and arousal; coordinate large-scale body movements such as walking, running, climbing

Front 42

sponges

Back 42

no nervous system

Front 43

sympathetic

Back 43

increases E expenditures, "fight or flight," opposite to parasympathetic

Front 44

temporal lobe

Back 44

hearing, smell

Front 45

thalamus

Back 45

input sensor for sensory info going to cerebrum, integrating center, output center for motor responses leaving the cerebrum

Front 46

vertebrate parts of nervous system

Back 46

central and peripheral

Front 47

white matter

Back 47

in the brain, myelinated axons. Inside of the brain, outside of the spinal cord (signals between neurons of the brain; links CNS to sensory and motor neurons of the PNS)

Front 48

diencephalon

Back 48

part of the forebrain, just in front of the midbrain; contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and posterior lobe of the pituitary

Front 49

hippocampus

Back 49

inner area of cerebrum vital to short term memory formation

Front 50

telencephalon

Back 50

anterior part of the forebrain; part of forebrain which contains the cerebrum and olfactory bulbs

Front 51

learning

Back 51

changes in the nervous system (and its responses) as a result of experience