Ch 4 Vocab Science

Front 1

valence electron

Back 1

is an electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond

Front 2

electron dot diagram

Back 2

arediagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.

Front 3

chemical bond

Back 3

Any rearrangement of electrons in two atoms that generates a force, causing the atoms to be bound to each other, forming a molecule

Front 4

ion

Back 4

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Front 5

polyatomic ion

Back 5

s a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit.

Front 6

ionic bond

Back 6

is when a positively charged ion forms a bond with a negatively charged ions and one atom transfers electrons to another.

Front 7

ionic compound

Back 7

is a chemicalcompound comprising ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.

Front 8

chemical formula

Back 8

hat indicates the kinds of atoms and the number of each kind in a molecule of a compound.

Front 9

subscript

Back 9

In chemical formulas the number of atoms in a molecule is written as a subscript, so we write H2O for water which has two atoms of hydrogen for each one of oxygen.

Front 10

crystal

Back 10

a solid composed of atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a pattern that is periodic in three dimensions

Front 11

covalent bond

Back 11

is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Front 12

molecule

Back 12

a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Front 13

molecular compound

Back 13

a compound regarded as a union of molecules retaining their identities

Front 14

double bond

Back 14

a chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

Front 15

triple bond

Back 15

a chemical bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

Front 16

nonpolar bond

Back 16

Nonpolar covalent bonds are a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other.

Front 17

polar bond

Back 17

A type of covalent bondbetween two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally.

Front 18

reactant

Back 18

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

Front 19

product

Back 19

A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemicalreaction.

Front 20

chemical equation

Back 20

is the symbolic representation of a chemicalreaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side.

Front 21

law of conservation of mass

Back 21

states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations.

Front 22

open system

Back 22

a material system in which mass or energy can be lost to or gained from the environment.

Front 23

closed system

Back 23

a closed system is a physicalsystem that doesn't exchange any matter with its surroundings, and isn't subject to any force whose source is external to the system

Front 24

coefficient

Back 24

a multiplier or factor that measures some property.

Front 25

synthesis

Back 25

the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials.

Front 26

decomposition

Back 26

the state or process of rotting; decay.

Front 27

replacement

Back 27

the action or process of replacing someone or something.