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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does catabolism differ from anabolism? |
Catabolism is the process of breaking down chemicals to release energy or to produce chemical precursors Anabolism is the process of synthesizing material and is energy requiring |
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Which macronutrient is also considered a micronutrient? |
Iron |
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what are the 2 essential growth factors? |
Precursors such as amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, etc. and vitamins |
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If all the components of the medium are quantified and we know exactly how much of everything is in there, what kind of media is it? |
Defined media |
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What are the 3 types of defined media? |
Minimal media - minimal required niutrients Simple defined media - Single carbs source and no additional organic nutrients Complete defined media - Usually requires addition of vitamins or growth factors |
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How does a complex media differ from a defined media? How do we make this? |
Concentration of 1 or more ingredients is unknown. We usually take a higher organism like yeast of cow and render it. It's cheap, so yeah |
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What is the formula for free energy change under actual conditions? |
Delta G = Delta G naught + RTlnK |
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What formula related free energy to reduction potential? |
Delta G naught = -nF delta E naught Where delta E naught is the difference in reduction potentials |
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What coenzymes are freely diffusible carriers that transfer 2 hydrogen atoms to the next carrier in the chain? How do they differ in anabolic and catabolic reactions? |
NAD+/NADH- catabolic NADP/NADPH - anabolic |
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What do all high energy compounds have in common? |
Phosphoanhydride or sulphanhydride links |
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The terminal electron acceptor is a particalled reduced organic compound such as ethanol or lactic acid and results in the generation of a net surplus of 2 ATP for each molecule oxidized. What process am I? |
Glycolysis Substrate level phosphorylation |
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What are the 3 stages of glycolysis? Can this only be done with sugar? |
Stage 1: Preperatory reactions Stage 2: Oxidation Stage 3: Reduction We can use any sugar as long as we can ultimately rearrange it to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate |
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What occurs in the preparatory phase of glycolysis? |
-ATP dependent rearrangement to Glyceraldehyde 3-phophate -No redox -No energy production -Consumption of 2 ATP |
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In what stage of glycolysis does redox and generation of 4 ATP occur? What undergoes redox and what is the net generation of ATP? |
Stage 2 Oxidation Oxidation of Glyceraldehyde 3-phopsphate Reduction of NAD+ Net generation of 2 ATP |
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In what stage do we regnerate NAD+, reduce pyruvate, and form products? |
Stage 3 reduction |
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Define respiration |
Oxidation of a compound to form energy coupled with electron transport to a terminal electron acceptor
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How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration? |
Aerobic respiration uses O2 as the terminal electron acceptor Anaerobic uses something other than O2 as the terminal electron acceptor |
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What are the 5 types of electron carriers? |
1) NADH dehydrogenase 2) Flavoproteins 3) Nonheme iron-sulfur proteins 4) Cytochromes 5) Quinones |
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What does NADH dehydrogenase carry and what does it transfer to? |
Accepts hydrogen from NADH and transfers electron + proton to flavoprotein |
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What carrier contains a derivitive of riboflavin, accepts hydrogen atoms, and donates electrons? |
Riboflavin |
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What carriers are solely involved in the transport of electrons? |
Nonheme iron-sulfur proteins Cytochromes |
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What carriers carry both protons and electrons? |
NADH dehydrogenase Flavoprotein Quinones |
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Define chemiosmosis. What's another word for this |
Coupling electron transport to ATP generation |
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What is the goal of the citric acid cycle? How many CO2's are produced in this process?
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The goal is the complete oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 3 CO2's are produced for each pyruvate oxidized |
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What is the ATP production of the citric acid cycle? Where do these ATP come from? |
1 ATP via substrate level phosphorylation 4 NADH at 3 ATP a pop = 12 ATP 1 FADH at 2 ATP = 2 ATP 15 ATP from Citric Acid Cycle per pyruvate 2 Pyruvate --> 30 ATP per citric acid cycle |
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What is the ATP production of Glycolysis? Where do these ATP come from? |
8 ATP 2 ATP from substrate level phosphorylation 6 ATP from 2 NADH |
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How many totaly ATP can we make from the catabolism of 1 glucose? |
38 ATP per glucose 8 ATP from glycolysis 15 ATP from each pyruvate, thus 30 ATP from both pyruvate |
