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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fatty pad that lies over the anterior surface of the symphysis pubis
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mons pubis
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Two rounded folds of fatty tissue covered with skin that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis; their purpose is to protect the inner vulvar structures
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labia majora
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Two flat reddish folds composed of connective tissue and smooth muscle, which are supplied with nerve endings that are extremely sensitive
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labia minora
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Hoodlike covering of the clitoris
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prepuce
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Fold of tissue under the clitoris
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frenulum
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Thin flat tissue formed by the joining of the labia minora; it is underneath the vaginal opening at the midline
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fourchette
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Small structure underneath the prepuce composed of erectile tissue with numerous sensory nerve endings; it increases in size during sexual arousal
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clitoris
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Almond-shaped area enclosed by the labia minora that contains openings to the urethra, Skene's glands, vagina, and Bartholin's glands
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vestibule
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Bladder opening found between the clitoris and the vagina
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urethra (urinary meatus)
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Skin-covered muscular area between the fourchette and the anus that covers the pelvic structures
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perineum
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Fibromuscular collapsible tubular structure that extends from the vulva to the uterus and lies between the bladder and rectum. Its mucosal lining is arranged in transverse folds called ___ and ___ glands secrete mucous that lubricates the vagina
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vagina, rugae, Skene's, Bartholin's
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Anterior, posterior, and lateral pockets that surround the cervix
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fornices
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Muscular pelvic organ located between the bladder and the rectum and just above the vagina. The ____ is a deep pouch, or recess, posterior to the cervix formed by the posterior ligament.
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uterus, cul-de-sac of Douglas
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Upper triangular portion of the uterus
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corpus
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Also known as the lower uterine segment, it is the short constricted portion that separates the corpus of the uterus from the cervix
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isthmus
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Dome-shaped top of the uterus
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fundus
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Highly vascular lining of the uterus
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endometrium
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Layer of the uterus composed of smooth muscles that extend in three different directions
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myometrium
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Lower cylindric portion of the uterus composed of fibrous connective tissue and elastic tissue
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cervix
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Canal connecting the uterine cavity to the vagina. The opening between the uterus and this canal is the ____. The opening between the canal and the vagina is the ____.
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endocervical canal, internal os, external os
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Location in the cervix where the squamous and columnar epithelia meet (the transformation zone); it is the most common site for neoplastic changes; cells from this site are scraped for the ____ test.
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Squamocolumnar junction; Papanicolaou (Pap)
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Passageways between the ovaries and the uterus; they are attached at each side of the dome-shaped uterine fundus
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uterine (fallopian) tubes
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Almond-shaped organs located on each side of the uterus; their 2 functions are ____ and the production of the hormones ___, ____, and ___.
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ovaries, ovulation, estrogen, progesterone, androgen
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Structure that protects the bladder, uterus, and rectum; accommodates the growing fetus during pregnancy and anchors support structures
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bony pelvis
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the paired mammary glands
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breasts
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segment of mammary tissue that extends into the axilla
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tail of spence
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mammary papilla
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nipple
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pigmented section of the breast that surrounds the nipple
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areola
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sebaceous glands that cause the areola to appear rough
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Montgomery glands (tubercles)
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breast structures that are lined with epithelial cells that secrete colostrum and milk
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acini
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Layer of tissue below the epithelium that contracts to expel milk from acini
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myoepithelium
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The first menstruation
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menarche
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transitional stage between childhood and sexual maturity
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puberty
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Transitional phase during which ovarian function and hormone production decline
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climacteric
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The last menstrual period dated with certainty once 1 year has passed after menstruation ceases
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menopause
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Period preceding the last menstrual period that lasts about 4 years; during this time ovarian function declines, ova diminish, more menstrual cycles become anovulatory, and irregular bleeding occurs
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perimenopause
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Periodic uterine bleeding that begins approx 14 days after ovulation and lasting an avg of 5 days
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menstruation
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The cycle that involves cyclic changes in the lining of the uterus
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endometrial cycle
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Phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining grows rapidly and thickens from about the fifth day to the time of ovulation
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proliferative phase
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Phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining becomes luxuriant with blood and glandular secretions suitable to protect and nurture a fertilized ovum.
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secretory phase
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Phase during which the blood supply to the functional uterine lining is blocked and necrosis develops; the functional layer separates from the basal layer, and menstrual bleeding begins
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Ischemic phase
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Cycle that involves secretion of hormones required to stimulate ovulation
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Hypothalamic-pituitary cycle
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Cycle that involves the changes in the ovary, leading to ovulation. It consists of 2 phases, namely, follicular and luteal
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ovarian cycle
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Structure that encloses the developing ovum; it ruptures at the time of ovulation, releasing the ovum
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Graafian folicle
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Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus when ovarian hormones are reduced to a low level. It stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete 2 critical hormones
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
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Pituitary hormone that stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
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Pituitary hormone that stimulates the expulsion of the ovum from the Graafian follicle and formation of the corpus luteum
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Luteinizing hormone
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Ovarian hormone that stimulates the thickening of the endometrium that occurs after menstruation and prior to ovulation; it is also responsible for changes in the cervix and cervical mucus
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Estrogen
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Stretchable quality of the cervical mucus at the time of ovulation
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spinnbarkeit
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Ovarian hormone that is responsible for the changes in the endometrium that occur after ovulation to facilitate implantation should fertilization occur; it is also responsible for the rise in temperature that occurs after ovulation
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progesterone
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Oxygenated fatty acids classified as hormones. They are thought to play an essential role in ovulation, transport of sperm, regression of the corpus luteum, and menstruation. By increasing the myometrial response to oxytocin, they also play a role in labor and dysmenorrhea
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prostaglandins
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