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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid |
Substance than donates H+ Ion (Proton) in aqueous solution. Release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. |
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Base |
Substance that accepts H+ Ion (Proton) in aqueous solution. Release hydroxide (OH-) Ions when dissolved in water. |
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Strong Acids |
Hydrochloric acid, HCl Hydrobromic acid, HBr Hydroiodic acid, HI Chloric acid, HClO3 Perchloric acid, HClO4 Nitric acid, HNO3 Sulfuric acid (first proton), H2SO4 |
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Strong Bases |
Group 1A metal hydroxides [LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH] Heavy group 2A metal hydroxides 3Ca1OH22, Sr1OH22, Ba1OH224 |
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General Chemical Equation for Acid-Base RXNs (Neutralization Reacctions) |
acid + base **** salt + H2O Only RXNs with hydroxide (OH) will produce salt and water |
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Definition of strong acids/bases |
strong electrolytes that will completely dissociate their ions |
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Molarity |
Concentration unit, expressed as M=mol/L |
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Dilutions |
M1V1=M2V2 check that units match |
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Limiting Reactants |
Find moles of each substance, divide by coefficients. Smallest value is limiting. |
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Finding mass of Percipitate |
Determine mols of each substance Use limiting reactant to determine mols of percipitate convert to grams (theoretical yield) multiply by %actual yield |
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Calculate themolarity of all ions left in solution of precipitate reaction |
calculate mols, likely will be given volume |
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Titration |
stoichiometric aqueous reaction |
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Standard solution |
solution containing precisely known concentration of an element |
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Equivalence point |
moles of standard solution equal moles of unknown solution (endpoint). Shown by indication ( phenylphthalein) |
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Titration calculations |
Use titration to calculate endpoint, which will be volume. Molarity given by standard solution. Use molarity equation to calculate moles of unknown. |
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Strong Bases |
Any soluable metal hydroxide compound -alkali metals (With OH) Ca, Sr, Ba (With OH) |
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Dissociation RXNs |
Strong acids and bases completely dissociate into their ions |
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Proton transfer RXNs |
acid and water, water accepts extra H+ to become hydronium. |
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Diprotic and Triprotic Acids |
Have 2 or 3 H+ Ions respectively. must have one reaction for each proton. (reacts once for each H+ it releases) |
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Organic Acids |
Have carboxylic group (-COOH) |
