Ch 4-5 Vocab

Front 1

Nature vs Nurture Debate

Back 1

The ongoing discussion of the respective roles of genetics and socialization in determining individual behaviors and traits.

Front 2

Socialization

Back 2

The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society.

Front 3

Self

Back 3

The individual's conscious, reflexive experience of a personal identity separate and distinct from others.

Front 4

Id

Back 4

Consists of basic inborn drives that are the source of instinctive psychic energy.

Front 5

Ego

Back 5

The realistic aspect of the mind that balances the forces of the id and the superego.

Front 6

Superego

Back 6

Made up of two components (conscience and ego-ideal), and represents the internalized demands of society.

Front 7

Psycho-sexual Stages of Development

Back 7

4 distinct stages of the development of the self between birth and adulthood, according to Freud.

Front 8

Looking-glass Self

Back 8

The notion that the self develops through our perception of others' evaluations and appraisals of us.

Front 9

Generalized Other

Back 9

The perspectives and expectations of a network of others that a child learns and then takes into account when shaping his or her own behavior.

Front 10

Dual Nature of the Self

Back 10

The belief that we experience the self as both subject and object, the "I" and the "me".

Front 11

Thomas Theorem

Back 11

Classic formulation of the way individuals define situations whereby, "If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences".

Front 12

Definition of the Situation

Back 12

An agreement with others about "what is going on" in a given circumstance.

Front 13

Expressions of Behavior

Back 13

Small actions such as an eye roll or head nod, which serves as an interactional tool to help project our definition of the situation to others

Front 14

Expressions Given

Back 14

Expressions that are intentional and usually verbal, such as utterances.

Front 15

Expressions Given Off

Back 15

Observable expressions that can be either intended or unintended and are usually nonverbal.

Front 16

Impression Management

Back 16

The effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation.

Front 17

Dramaturgy

Back 17

An approach pioneered by Erving Goffman in which social life is analyzed in terms of its similarities to theatrical performance.

Front 18

Front

Back 18

(Dramaturgical Perspective); The setting or scene of performances that helps establish the definition of the situation.

Front 19

Personal Front

Back 19

The expressive equipment we consciously use as we present ourselves to others, including appearance and manner

Front 20

Region

Back 20

(Dramaturgical Perspective); The context or setting in which the performance takes place.

Front 21

Backstage

Back 21

(Dramaturgical Perspective); Places in which we rehearse and prepare for our performances.

Front 22

Frontstage

Back 22

(Dramaturgical Perspective); The region in which we deliver our public performances

Front 23

Cooling the Mark Out

Back 23

Behaviors that help others to save face or avoid embarrassment.

Front 24

Autoethnography

Back 24

Ethnographic description that focuses on the feelings and reactions of the ethnographer.

Front 25

Agents of Socialization

Back 25

Social groups, institutions, and individuals that provide structured situations in which socialization takes place.

Front 26

Hidden Curriculum

Back 26

Values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling because of the structure of the educational system and the teaching methods used.

Front 27

Resocialization

Back 27

The process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life.

Front 28

Total Institution

Back 28

An institution in which individuals are cut off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled and regulated for the purpose of systematically stripping away previous roles and identities in order to create new ones.

Front 29

Status

Back 29

A position in a social hierarchy that comes with a set of expectations.

Front 30

Ascribed Status

Back 30

An inborn status; usually difficult or impossible to change.

Front 31

Embodied Status

Back 31

A status generated by physical characteristics.

Front 32

Achieved Status

Back 32

Status earned through individual effort or that is imposed by others

Front 33

Master Status

Back 33

A status that is always relevant and affects all others statuses we possess.

Front 34

Role

Back 34

Set of behaviors expected of someone because of his or her status.

Front 35

Role Conflict

Back 35

Experienced when we occupy 2 or more roles with contradictory expectations.

Front 36

Role Strain

Back 36

The tension experienced when there are contradictory expectations within 1 role.

Front 37

Role Exit

Back 37

The process of leaving a role that we will no longer occupy.

Front 38

Role-taking Emotions

Back 38

Emotions like sympathy, embarrassment, or shame, which require that we assume the perspective of another person or many other people and respond from that person or group's point of view.

Front 39

Feeling Rules

Back 39

Socially constructed norms regarding the expression and display of emotions.

Front 40

Emotion Work

Back 40

The process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion.

Front 41

Copresence

Back 41

Face-to-face interaction or being in the presence of others.

Front 42

Agency

Back 42

The ability of the individual to act freely and independently.