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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chordates phylum
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Chordata
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4 characteristics of Chordates
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1. nerve cord
2. notochord 3. pharyngeal slits 4. postanal tail |
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somites
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muscles arrranged in segmented blocks
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The 2 chordates which are none vertebrates
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1. urochordata
2. cephalachordata |
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Urochordata
Tunicates |
marine animals
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Urochordata
Tunicates 2 |
1.larvae are tadpolelike
2.adults lose tail and notochord |
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Urochordata
tunic |
cellulose sac- that surrounds the animal
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Cephalochordata
lancelets |
scaleless chordates
-always have notochord -no distinguishable head |
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Vertebrates
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chordates with a spinal column
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Vertebral column
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encloses and protects the dorsal nerve cord
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Head
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distinct and well-defined
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Neural Crest
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group of embryotic cells that form vertebrate structures
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Internal Organs
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liver,kidneys,endocrine glands,heart and closed circulatory system
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Endoskeleton
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made of cartilage and bone
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Fishes
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first vertebrates on earth
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5 characteristics of Fish
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1.vertebral column
2.jaws and paired appendages 3.internal gills 4.single-loop blood circulation 5.nutritional deficencies |
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Agantha
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hagfish (class Myxini)
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spiny fishes
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Acanthodii
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armored fishes
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placodermi
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fishes evolved because of what?
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jaws
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Sharks
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1.first to develop teeth
2.fully developed lateral line system 3.fertilized internally |
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swim bladder
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gas filled sac that allows bony fish to stay boyant
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gill cover
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operculum- hard plate
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Ray-finned fishes
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Actinopterygii
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Lobe-finned fishes
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Sarcopterygii
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Amphibians
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first vertebrates to walk on land
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5 characteristics of Vertebrates
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1.legs
2.lungs 3.cutaneous respiration 4.pulmonary veins 5.partially divided heart |
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Amphibians evolved from what?
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lobe-finned fishes
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Order Anura
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frogs and toads
-smooth,moist skin-frogs -bumpy,dry skin-toads -eggs fertilized internally |
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Order Caudata
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salamanders
-long bodies -eggs fertilized internallly -larvae similar to adults |
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Order Apoda
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caecilians
-tropical,burrowing legless with small eyes and jaws with teeth -internal fertilization |
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Reptiles
characteristics |
1.Amniotic eggs
2.dry skin 3.thoracic breathing |
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4 chambers of the amniotic egg
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chorion
amnion yolk sac allantois |
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pelycosaurus
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first land vertebrates
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therapsids
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replaced pelycosaurus-may have been endotherms
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ectothermic
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obtain heat from external sources
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Reptiles
chelonia |
turtles and tortoises
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Reptiles
Rhynchocephalia |
tuataras
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Reptiles
Squamata |
lizards and snakes
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Reptiles
Crocodylia |
crocodiles and alligators
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Birds
2 characteristics |
class Aves
1.feathers 2.flight skeleton |
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first known bird
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archaeopteryx
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3 other characteristics of birds
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1.efficent respiration
2.efficent circulation 3.endothermy-regulates body temp internally |
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Mammmals
Hair |
keratin-rich
-insulate,camoflage,sensory structure |
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Mammmals
mammory glands |
-secrete milk
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Mammmals
endothermy |
heat internally
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Mammmals
placenta |
organ that brings fetal and maternal blood close
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Mammmals
specialize teeh |
different types of teeth
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Mammmals
Digestion of plants |
bacteria helps break down cellulose in plants
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Mammmals
Development of hooves and horns |
-hooves are keratin pads
-horns are bone surrounded by keratin -antlers are bone,not keratin |
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Flying mammals
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Bats
-navigate by ecolocation |
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Two subclasses of Mammals
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Prototheria
Theria |
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Prototheria
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-lay shelled eggs
-one living group -monotremes |
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Theria
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-young are born alive
-two groups -marsupials and placental mammals |
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Three living monotremes
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1.Duck billed platypus
2. short and long nosed echidna |
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cloaca
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single opening for digestive and reproductive tract
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only living marsupial in north america?
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opossum
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Primates
2 features |
gave rise to humans
1.grasping fingers and toes 2.Binocular vision |
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Primates
Prosimians |
most nocturnal
-lemurs,lorises,tarsiers |
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Primates
Anthropoids |
-diurnal
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Primates
Hominoids |
apes and humans
-larger brains than monkeys -lack tails |
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Early Hominids
2 groups |
1.Genus Homo
2.Genus Australopithecus |