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62 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Chordates phylum
Chordata
4 characteristics of Chordates
1. nerve cord
2. notochord
3. pharyngeal slits
4. postanal tail
somites
muscles arrranged in segmented blocks
The 2 chordates which are none vertebrates
1. urochordata
2. cephalachordata
Urochordata
Tunicates
marine animals
Urochordata
Tunicates 2
1.larvae are tadpolelike
2.adults lose tail and notochord
Urochordata
tunic
cellulose sac- that surrounds the animal
Cephalochordata
lancelets
scaleless chordates
-always have notochord
-no distinguishable head
Vertebrates
chordates with a spinal column
Vertebral column
encloses and protects the dorsal nerve cord
Head
distinct and well-defined
Neural Crest
group of embryotic cells that form vertebrate structures
Internal Organs
liver,kidneys,endocrine glands,heart and closed circulatory system
Endoskeleton
made of cartilage and bone
Fishes
first vertebrates on earth
5 characteristics of Fish
1.vertebral column
2.jaws and paired appendages
3.internal gills
4.single-loop blood circulation
5.nutritional deficencies
Agantha
hagfish (class Myxini)
spiny fishes
Acanthodii
armored fishes
placodermi
fishes evolved because of what?
jaws
Sharks
1.first to develop teeth
2.fully developed lateral line system
3.fertilized internally
swim bladder
gas filled sac that allows bony fish to stay boyant
gill cover
operculum- hard plate
Ray-finned fishes
Actinopterygii
Lobe-finned fishes
Sarcopterygii
Amphibians
first vertebrates to walk on land
5 characteristics of Vertebrates
1.legs
2.lungs
3.cutaneous respiration
4.pulmonary veins
5.partially divided heart
Amphibians evolved from what?
lobe-finned fishes
Order Anura
frogs and toads
-smooth,moist skin-frogs
-bumpy,dry skin-toads
-eggs fertilized internally
Order Caudata
salamanders
-long bodies
-eggs fertilized internallly
-larvae similar to adults
Order Apoda
caecilians
-tropical,burrowing
legless with small eyes and jaws with teeth
-internal fertilization
Reptiles
characteristics
1.Amniotic eggs
2.dry skin
3.thoracic breathing
4 chambers of the amniotic egg
chorion
amnion
yolk sac
allantois
pelycosaurus
first land vertebrates
therapsids
replaced pelycosaurus-may have been endotherms
ectothermic
obtain heat from external sources
Reptiles

chelonia
turtles and tortoises
Reptiles
Rhynchocephalia
tuataras
Reptiles
Squamata
lizards and snakes
Reptiles
Crocodylia
crocodiles and alligators
Birds
2 characteristics
class Aves
1.feathers
2.flight skeleton
first known bird
archaeopteryx
3 other characteristics of birds
1.efficent respiration
2.efficent circulation
3.endothermy-regulates body temp internally
Mammmals
Hair
keratin-rich
-insulate,camoflage,sensory structure
Mammmals
mammory glands
-secrete milk
Mammmals
endothermy
heat internally
Mammmals
placenta
organ that brings fetal and maternal blood close
Mammmals
specialize teeh
different types of teeth
Mammmals
Digestion of plants
bacteria helps break down cellulose in plants
Mammmals
Development of hooves and horns
-hooves are keratin pads
-horns are bone surrounded by keratin
-antlers are bone,not keratin
Flying mammals
Bats
-navigate by ecolocation
Two subclasses of Mammals
Prototheria
Theria
Prototheria
-lay shelled eggs
-one living group
-monotremes
Theria
-young are born alive
-two groups
-marsupials and placental mammals
Three living monotremes
1.Duck billed platypus
2. short and long nosed echidna
cloaca
single opening for digestive and reproductive tract
only living marsupial in north america?
opossum
Primates
2 features
gave rise to humans
1.grasping fingers and toes
2.Binocular vision
Primates
Prosimians
most nocturnal
-lemurs,lorises,tarsiers
Primates
Anthropoids
-diurnal
Primates
Hominoids
apes and humans
-larger brains than monkeys
-lack tails
Early Hominids
2 groups
1.Genus Homo
2.Genus Australopithecus