Ch 33 Ap Bio

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ammonites

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The coiled, flat, chambered fossil shell of an extinct cephalopod mollusk that was abundant in the Cretaceous Period.

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amoebocyte

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A cell, such as a leukocyte, having amoeboid form or motion.

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antennae

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One of the paired, flexible, segmented sensory appendages on the head of an insect, myriapod, or crustacean functioning primarily as an organ of touch.

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book lungs

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Ancestral respiratory organ in arachnids consisting of multiple stacked cavities filled with air and supplied with many blood vessels.

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brachiopods

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Any of various marine invertebrates of the phylum Brachiopoda, having bivalve dorsal and ventral shells enclosing a pair of tentacled, armlike structures that are used to sweep minute food particles into the mouth. Also called lampshell.

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bryozoans

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Any of various small aquatic animals of the phylum Bryozoa that reproduce by budding and form mosslike or branching colonies permanently attached to stones or seaweed.

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chelicerae

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Either of the first pair of fanglike appendages near the mouth of an arachnid, such as a spider, often modified for grasping and piercing.

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Chelicerates

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Major arthropod group with no antennae and feeding appendages called chelicerae. Includes spider, scorpions, ticks, mites, and horshoe crabs.

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choanocyte

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One of a layer of flagellated cells lining the body cavity of a sponge and characterized by a collar of cytoplasm surrounding the flagellum

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Class Arachnida

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a large class of arthropods that are mostly air-breathing by means of trachea or book lungs, that include the spiders and scorpions, mites, and ticks, and that have a segmented body divided into two regions of which the anterior bears four pairs of legs but no antennae

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Class Chilopodia

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One of the orders of myriapods, including the centipeds. They have a single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and a pair of thoracic legs converted into poison fangs. They are insectivorous, very active, and some species grow to the length of a foot.

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Class Insecta

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One of the classes of Arthropoda, including those that have one pair of antenn[ae], three pairs of mouth organs, and breathe air by means of trache[ae], opening by spiracles along the sides of the body. Generally 6 legs, 3 thoracic segments

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closed circulatory system

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System with blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness.

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cnidae

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stinging cells in Cnidarians for defense and capture of prey

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cnidocytes

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A capsule within specialized cells of certain cnidarians, such as jellyfish, containing a barbed, threadlike tube that delivers a paralyzing sting when propelled into attackers and prey

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colloblasts

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Adhesive cells found only among ctenophores. These cells produce a sticky secretion, to which prey organisms adhere on contact

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complete digestive tract

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Where food is ingested (taken in) at one end of the tract, the mouth, and wastes from digestion are passed out of the tract at the other end, the anus.

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complete metamorphosis

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The complete form of metamorphosis in which an insect passes through four separate stages of growth, as embryo, larva, pupa, and imago

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compound eyes

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The eye of most insects and some crustaceans, which is composed of many light-sensitive elements, each having its own refractive system and each forming a portion of an image.

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Crustaceans

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Any of various predominantly aquatic arthropods of the class Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles, characteristically having a segmented body, a chitinous exoskeleton, and paired, jointed limbs.

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cuticle

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The noncellular, hardened or membranous protective covering of many invertebrates, such as the transparent membrane that covers annelids.

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echinoderms

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Any of numerous radially symmetrical marine invertebrates, which includes the starfishes, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers, having an internal calcareous skeleton and often covered with spines.

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entomology

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The scientific study of insects

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eurypterids

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Any of various large, segmented aquatic arthropods of the order Eurypterida that existed from the Ordovician Period to the Permian Period.

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exoskeleton

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A hard outer structure, such as the shell of an insect or crustacean, that provides protection or support for an organism

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foot

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A structure used for locomotion or attachment in an invertebrate animal, such as the muscular organ extending from the ventral side of a mollusk.

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gastrovascular cavity

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A body cavity with a simgle opening that is branched to serve digestive and circulatory functions

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hermaphrodites

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The presence of both male and female reproductive organs in a plant or animal, as in an earthworm or a monoecious plant.

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incomplete metamorphosis

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A life cycle of certain insects, such as crickets and grasshoppers, characterized by the absence of a pupal stage between the immature and adult stages.

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invertebrates

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Animals that have no spinal column

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lophophorate animals

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Diverse group with a circular or horseshoe-shaped feeding organ composed of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth.

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lophophore

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A horseshoe-shaped ciliated organ located near the mouth of brachiopods, bryozoans, and phoronids that is used to gather food.

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Malpighian tubules

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a group of small, tubular, excretory and water-regulating glands that open into the hind part of the alimentary canal in most insects and spiders

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mandibles

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Any of various mouth organs of invertebrates used for seizing and biting food, especially either of a pair of such organs in insects and other arthropods.

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mantle

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A fold or pair of folds of the body wall that lines the shell and secretes the substance that forms the shell in mollusks and brachiopods.

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mantle cavity

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Fluid-filled cavity. Iin aquatic mollusks it's continually replaced with outside water, carries away excess water, ions and wastes, and helps circulate nutrients and oxygen

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medusa

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The tentacled, usually bell-shaped, free-swimming sexual stage in the life cycle of a cnidarian, such as a jellyfish.

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mesohyl

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A gelatinous matrix withing a sponge, resembling connective tissue and containing amoeboid cells, fibrils, and skeletal elements

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metanephridia

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Expel excess water and nitrogenous wastes from the body of the animal. Water, nutrients and waste enter the tubes, and all necessary products are reabsorbed. The rest is excreted extrernally though a nephridiopore.

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molting

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To shed periodically part or all of a coat or an outer covering, such as feathers, cuticle, or skin, which is then replaced by a new growth.

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nematocysts

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any of the intracellular stinging structures characteristic of all cnidarians, as the jellyfish: it contains a threadlike sting

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open circulatory system

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Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.

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osculum

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The mouthlike opening of a sponge, used to expel water

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parthenogenesis

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A form of reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual, occurring commonly among insects and certain other arthropods.

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phoronids

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Any of the small, wormlike marine animals of the phylum Phoronida, inhabiting a chitinous tube and having a U-shaped digestive tract.

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planarian

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Any of various small, chiefly freshwater turbellarian flatworms of the order Tricladida, having soft, broad, ciliated bodies, a three-branched digestive cavity, and the ability to regenerate body parts.

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polyp

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A cnidarian, such as a hydra or coral, having a cylindrical body and an oral opening usually surrounded by tentacles.

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radula

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A flexible tonguelike organ in certain mollusks, having rows of horny teeth on the surface.

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spongocoel

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The central cavity of a sponge, which opens to the outside by way of the osculum.

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torsion

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the twisting of a bodily organ or part on its own axis

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tracheal system

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A stystem of internal respiratory tubes of insects and some other terrestrial arthropods.

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trilobite

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Any of numerous extinct marine arthropods of the class Trilobita, of the Paleozoic Era, having a segmented body divided by grooves into three vertical lobes and found as fossils throughout the world.

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trochophore

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The small, free-swimming, ciliated aquatic larva of various invertebrates, including certain mollusks and annelids.

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tube feet

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Numerous small, muscular, fluid-filled tubes projecting from body of echinoderms; part of water-vascular system; used in locomotion, clinging, food handling, and respiration.

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Uniramians

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The largest major group of arthropods which includes insects, millipedes, centipedes, and their relatives, whose legs have only one branch

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visceral mass

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Part of the insides of a mollusc including the organs for digestion, circulation, reproduction, and respiration

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water vascular system

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An internal closed system of reservoirs and ducts containing a watery fluid drawn mainly from the surrounding seawater.