Ch 3 Psych

Front 1

EEG

Back 1

-electroencephalograph
uses electrodes on the scalp to record rapid changed in brain electricity
-because they record from the surface of the scalp, they provide little precision about the location of the activity

Front 2

PET

Back 2

-Postiron emmission tomography
records radioactivity of various brain areas emitted from injected chemicals

Front 3

fMRI

Back 3

-functional magnetic resonance imaging
uses magnetic detectors outside the head to compare the amounts of hemoglobin with and without oxygen in different brain areas
-(the most active brain areas use the most oxygen)

Front 4

central nervous system

Back 4

-consists of the brain and the spinal cord
-communicates with the rest of the body by the peripheral nervous system

Front 5

peripheral nervous system

Back 5

- consists of bundles of nerves between the spinal cord and the rest of the body

Front 6

cerebral cortex

Back 6

-the outer covering of the forebrain

Front 7

occipital lobe

Back 7

- at the rear of the head
- specialized for vision

Front 8

temporal lobe

Back 8

- located toward the left and right sides of the head
-main area for hearing and some of the complex aspects of vision

Front 9

amygdala

Back 9

-subcortical structure deep within the temporal lobe
- responds strongly to emotional situations
-people with damage to this are slow to process the emotional aspects of info

Front 10

parietal lobe

Back 10

- forward from the occipital lobe
- specialized for the body senses, including touch, pain, temperature, and awareness of the location of body parts in space

Front 11

primary somatonsensory cortex

Back 11

- a strip in the anterior portion of the parietal lobe
- has cells sensitive to touch in different body areas
- larger areas devoted to touch for more sensitive parts (ex. lips)

Front 12

frontal lobe

Back 12

- forward pole of the brain
- includes the primary motor cortex

Front 13

primary motor cortex

Back 13

- important for planned control of fine movements

Front 14

prefrontal cortex

Back 14

- very front of frontal lobe
- contribute to certain aspects of memory and descision making

Front 15

what does the spinal cord do?

Back 15

- controls the muscles from the neck down

Front 16

what is a reflex?

Back 16

a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus

Front 17

autonomic nervous system

Back 17

- closely associated with the spinal cord
- controls the internal organs such as the heart
- term means involuntary

Front 18

sympathetic nervous system

Back 18

- controlled by a chanin of cells lying just outside the spinal cord
- increases heart rate, breathing rate, sweating and other fight or flight activities
- uses much energy

Front 19

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 19

- controlled by cells at the top and bottom levels of the spinal cord
- dcreases heart rate, increases digestive activities and in general, promotes activites of the body that take place during rest and relaxation
-conserves nrg

Front 20

endocrine system

Back 20

- a set of glands that produce hormones and release them into the blood

Front 21

corpus callosum

Back 21

a set of axons that connect the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

Front 22

reductionism

Back 22

-explaining comples phenomena by reducing them to combos of simpler components

Front 23

neurons

Back 23

- nerve cells
- brain processes info in neurons
- made of a cell body, dendrites and axons

Front 24

cell body

Back 24

contains the nucleus of a cell

Front 25

dendrites

Back 25

widely branching structures that recieve transmissions from other neruons

Front 26

axon

Back 26

a single lon thin straight fiber with branches near its tip

Front 27

action potential

Back 27

an excitation that travels along an acon at a constant strength no matter how far it must travel
like a standard light switch

Front 28

resting potential

Back 28

an electrical polarization across the membrane of an axon

Front 29

synapse

Back 29

the specialized junction between one neuron and another
a neuron releases a chemical that either excties or inhibits the next neuron

Front 30

terminal bouton

Back 30

- also called presynaptic ending
- a little buldge at the end of an axon branch

Front 31

neurotransmitter

Back 31

- when an action potnetial reches the terminal bouton, it releases this
- a chemical that can ativat receptors on other neurons

Front 32

reuptake

Back 32

when a receptor molecule (neurotransmitter) is reabsorbed by the axon that released it

Front 33

stimulants

Back 33

- drugs that increase nrg, alertness and activity
- ex. cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine, caffeine, nicotene and ritalin

Front 34

depressants

Back 34

- drugs that predominantly decrease arousal
-ex. alcohol, benzaodiazepines

Front 35

narcotics

Back 35

drugs that produces drowsiness, insensitivity to pain, and decreased responsiveness
- ex. morphine, heroine, opiates

Front 36

halluncinogens

Back 36

- drugs that induce sensory distortions
-ex. lsd, ex, pcp