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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brain development begins |
prenatally |
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Brain is well developed and well networked, proliferation occurs, neurons develop at a fast rate, growth is fast |
Infant Brain development |
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Neurons are developed, is a process that: - continues at a fast rate across infancy - slows down in childhood - But, it never stops |
Proliferation |
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A fatty substance speeds conduction of nerve impulses, enables the brain to work more effectively, and cushions/protects the axon |
Myelination |
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Occurs along axon , nerve cells move along axon |
Migration |
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Nerve cells take on a fucntion once they have migrated to a specific region |
Specialization |
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Getting rid of all connections and neurons that we don't use, or don't need. Occurs over time and allows for more efficient transmission of impulses |
Pruning |
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Brain Lateralization
processing of speech sounds, expression of "approach" emotions (joy, interest, anger) |
Left hemisphere |
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Brain Lateralization
processing of visual-spatial info, processing non-speech sounds (e.g. music), face perception, and emotional info such as facial expressions, tones of voice, and "withdrawal" emotions (distress, disgust, fear) |
Right hemisphere |
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Responsiveness of neurons to environmental input |
Plasticity |
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When specific functions of the brain are impaired... |
Neurons change what they do to help the brain regain function. Other regions of the brain take over the functions that were lost; reorganize and re-specialize. |
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Increased myelination, growth slows down but continues Major growth areas: frontal lobes grow from 3 to 6 years (planning organizing, problem solving, paying attention), temporal and parietal lobes grow from age 6 to puberty (language, spatial processing) |
Childhood Brain Development |
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Biochemical changes in the brain (dopamine up, serotonin down), increase in frontal lobe activity, Amygdala and hippocampus enlarge (involved in emotional development) |
Adolescent Brain Development |
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Brain loses weight (10% by age 90), brain function begins to slow down, declines in memory (acetylcholine decline), problems with motor activities (dopamine decline), increase in "neural noise" (GABA decline) |
Adulthood and Aging Brain Function |
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Helps nerve impulses get from point A to point B efficiently. If decreased in the brain, it can cause "neural noise" because nerve impulses are wandering, which can inhibit vision and disrupt focus. |
GABA |
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Average: 20 inches long, 7.5 lbs Typical: 5.5 to 10 lbs at birth Lose weight the first week of life Once adjusted to eating: Grow 1 inch per month |
Weight and Height in Infancy |
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Remain slightly smaller and lighter during preschool years, have more fatty tissue, need 17% body fat to begin puberty, early puberty is bad |
Girls |
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Are bigger and heavier during preschool years, have more muscle tissue, early puberty is good |
Boys |
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Attainment of sexual maturity pituitary gland hormones activate the testes and ovaries, timing is mostly genetic |
Puberty |
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Lose height and gain weight, loss of muscle mass and lower metabolism, wrinkles, sagging, hair thinning, gray hair, decrease in muscle strength (by mid-40s), tendons and ligaments less efficient, bone density declines, cholesterol increases, changes in sexuality |
Physical Changes of Adulthood |
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Essential components for movement are already embedded in infants |
Human Blueprint |
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Crawling back to mother after being distant for a while |
Emotional refueling |
