Ch 3 Chem

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natter

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anything that has mass and takes up space

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solid

Back 2

has a definite shape and volume, with particles that cohere ridgidly to one another

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amorphous solids

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without shape or form

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liquid

Back 4

has a definite volume but not a definite shape, with particles that cohere firmly but not rigidly

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gas

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indefinite volume and no fixed shapes, with particles that move independently of one another

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substance

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a particular kind of matter with a definite, fixed composition

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homogeneous

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matter is uniform in appearance and has the same properties throughout

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heterogeneous

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matter consisting of two or more physically distinct phases

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phase

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a homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries

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system

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simply the body of matter under consideration

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mixture

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a material containing two or more substances and can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous

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element

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a fundamental or elementary substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means to simpler substances

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atom

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the smallest particle of an element that can exist, also the smallest unit of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction

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symbol

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an elements abbreviation

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metals

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solids at room temp, high luster, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity, high melting point and high density

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nonmetals

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not lustrous, have relatively low melting points and densities, poor conductors of heat and electricity

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metalloids

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have properties that are intermediate between those of metals and those of nonmetals

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compound

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a distinct substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in definite proportions by mass

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molecule

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the smallest uncharged individual unit of a compound formed by the union of two or more atoms

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ion

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positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms

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cation

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positively charged ion

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anion

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negatively charged ion

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diatomic molecules

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molecules of elements that always contain two atoms

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chemical formula

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shows the symbols and the ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound

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subscripts

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numbers that appear partially below the line and to the right of a symbol of an element

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states of matter

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solid, crystalline, amorphous, liquid, as

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amorphous

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exist without a regular, repeating 3-d geometric pattern

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crystalline

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exist in regular, repeating 3-d geometric patterns