Ch. 3 Genetics Of Cellular Function

Front 1

Which of the following statements is NOT tenet of modern cell theory

Back 1

All cells occupy space

Front 2

Cells were first discovered when a scientist named ___ observed cell walls in cork under a microscope

Back 2

Robert Hooke

Front 3

Cells that are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end are called

Back 3

fusiform

Front 4

Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can get?

Back 4

the relationship between its volume and surface area

Front 5

The fluid outside of a cell is called

Back 5

Extracellular Fluid

Front 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic components of a cell

Back 6

Interstitial fluid

Front 7

The flat shaped cells found in covering the skin are ___ in shape

Back 7

Squamous

Front 8

Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM) can magnify much more than a light microscope, even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of

Back 8

Producing higher resolution

Front 9

The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are

Back 9

Phospholipids

Front 10

Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called

Back 10

Receptors

Front 11

A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. This property is called

Back 11

specificity

Front 12

In its second messenger role, cAMP activates enzymes called ___, whose job is to regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them

Back 12

Kinases

Front 13

Most transmembrane proteins have ___ regions facing the intra- and extracellular fluid, and ___ regions embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

Back 13

Hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Front 14

channel protein gates respond to all these stimuli EXCEPT

Back 14

Water in the extracellular fluid

Front 15

In the glycocalyx, ___ act like identification tags that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells

Back 15

Glycoproteins

Front 16

The fuzzy coat of carbohydrates on the counter surface of the plasma membrane that functions in cell identification is called the

Back 16

Glycocalyx

Front 17

____ provide motility to a sperm cell, ___ act as sensory "antennae" in many cells, and ___ increase a cell's surface area

Back 17

Flagella; cilia; microvilli

Front 18

The plasma membrane of cells lining the small intestine has ___, which are specialized for absorption of nutrients

Back 18

Microvilli

Front 19

Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane are called

Back 19

Peripheral proteins

Front 20

A protein that is bound to a carbohydrate is called

Back 20

Glycoprotein

Front 21

the plasma membrane is mostly made of molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. These molecules are called

Back 21

Phospholipids

Front 22

ATP is consumed when ___ transfer solutes from one side of the membrane to the other

Back 22

Pumps

Front 23

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If solution A has a higher concentration of a nonpermeating solute than solution B, then ___

Back 23

Water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

Front 24

____ is the process in which ___ forces water and small solutes, such as salts, through narrow clefts between capillary cells

Back 24

Filtration; hydrostatic pressure

Front 25

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called

Back 25

Osmosis; aquaporins

Front 26

Insulin is taken up, via endocytosis, by the endothelial cells that line blood capillaries. Then, its transported across the cell to the other side, where it is released. This transport is called

Back 26

Transcytosis

Front 27

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal call. The carrier protein is an ____ and the process is called ___

Back 27

Symport; cotransport

Front 28

The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium ___ their concentration gradients in a process called

Back 28

Up; Active Transport

Front 29

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is ___ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid, and will cause the cell to

Back 29

Higher; Shrink

Front 30

What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common

Back 30

Both are examples of carrier-mediated transport

Front 31

The number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its ___ ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its

Back 31

osmolarity; tonicity

Front 32

Which of the following process could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell

Back 32

Active Transport

Front 33

Which of the following is NOT a method by which particles can leave a cell

Back 33

Pinocytosis

Front 34

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of

Back 34

Phagocytosis

Front 35

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Na+-K+ pump

Back 35

Transport of Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell

Front 36

The term ___ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others

Back 36

Selectively Permeable

Front 37

The plasma membrane is permeable to ___, but impermeable to ___

Back 37

Nutrients; proteins

Front 38

A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid. The patient was given intravenous fluids of normal saline. Normal saline is ___ to your blood cells and is about ___ NaCI

Back 38

Isotonic; 0.9%

Front 39

Which of the following of these is an example of active transport

Back 39

Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

Front 40

Which of these brings nonspecific material into a cell

Back 40

Pinocytosis

Front 41

Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle

Back 41

Ribosome

Front 42

Among other functions, hepatocytes (liver cells) are specialized for detoxifying drugs or other chemicals. Hepatocytes have large amounts of

Back 42

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 43

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed

Back 43

Protein Synthesis

Front 44

What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death

Back 44

Lysosome

Front 45

Muscle cells contain numerous ___ to serve their high demand for ATP

Back 45

Mitochondria

Front 46

Which organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells

Back 46

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 47

___ play an important role in cell division, and they are made of ___

Back 47

Centrioles; microtubules

Front 48

____ synthesizes carbohydrates and puts finishing touches on proteins synthesized at ___

Back 48

The Golgi complex; rough ER

Front 49

___ decompose fatty acids, and detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and drugs

Back 49

Peroxisomes

Front 50

Which of the following organelles is NOT involved in protein synthesis

Back 50

Smooth ER

Front 51

Which of the following gives a cell structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through a cell

Back 51

The cytoskeleton

Front 52

Which of the following is NOT associated with the composition of the cytoskeleton

Back 52

Cilia

Front 53

Which of the following organelles sorts, cuts, splices, and packages newly formed proteins into membrane bound vesicles

Back 53

Golgi Complex

Front 54

Which of the following is a double membraned organelle consisting of a matrix and cristae

Back 54

Mitochondrion

Front 55

Which of the following is NOT considered an inclusion

Back 55

Lysosome

Front 56

Accumulated cell products that are never enclosed in a unit membrane are called

Back 56

Inclusions