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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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all invertebrates except - exhibit snme type of body symmetry
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sponges
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cnidarians and echinoderms exhiibit - - , body parts extend from hte center of the body
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radial symmetry
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worms, mollusks, and arthropods exhibit - -, or have mirror-image left and right sides
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bilateral symmetry
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the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the body
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cephilization
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in most worms and artropods, nerve cells are arranged in strucutres called -
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ganglia
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in more complex invertebrates, such as certain mollusks, nerve cells form an organ called a
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brain
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most complex animal phyla have a true coelom that is lined completely with tissue derived from -
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mesoderm
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the simplest animals break down food primarily through - digestion, but more complex animals use - digestion
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intracellular, extracellular
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when food is digested inside cells
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intracellular digestion
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in - digestion, food is broken down outside the cells lin a digestive cavity or tract and then absorbed into the body
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extracellular
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respiratory organ have - surface area that are in contact with the air or water
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large
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for - to occur, the respiratory surfaces must be moist
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diffusion
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most complex animals move - through their bodies using one or more hearts and either an open or closed circulatory system
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blood
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in an - circulatory system, blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels
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open circulatory system
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open circulatory systems are characteristic of - and -
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arthropods and mollusks
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in - circulatory system, a heart or heartlike organ forces blood thorough vessels that extend throughout the body
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closed circulatory system
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Invertebrates show 3 trends in the evolution of the nervous system: - - -
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centralization, cephilization, and specialization
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simplest nervous systems , found in cnidarians
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nerve nets
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consists of individual nerve cells taht form a netlike arrangement
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nerce nets
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the concentration of nerve tissue and organs in one end of the body is called
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cephilization
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in flatworms and roundworms, the nerve cells are more concentrated, or
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centralized
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the more complex an anima's nervous system is, the more developed its - organs tend to be
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sense
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invertebrates have one of three main kinds of skeletal systems:
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hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, or endoskeletons
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some invertebrates, such as annelids and certain cnidarians have - - (skeletal system)
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hydrostatic skeletons
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(skeleton) muscles surround a fluid-filled body cavity taht supports the muscles; when the muscles contract, they push against fluid in the body cavity, causing the body to change shape
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hydrostatic skeletons
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in arthropods, the - or external skeleton, is a hard body covering made of chitin
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exoskeleton
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the shells of some - can also be considered exoskeletons
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mollusks
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an - is a structural support located inside the body
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endoskeletons
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sea stars and other echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of - plates
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calcified
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most invertebrates reproduce - during at least part of their life cycle
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sexually
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depending on - conditions, many invertebrates may also reproduce asexually
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environmental
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allows animals to reproduce rapidly and take advantage of favorable conditions in teh environment
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asexual reproduction
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maintains genetic diversity in a population by creating individuals with new combinations of genes
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sexual reproduction
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eggs are fertilized outside of the female's body
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external fertilization
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eggs are fertilized inside the female's body
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internal fertilization
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