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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Ovaries & Testes

Produce sex gametes and sex hormones

Clitoris & Glans of Penis

Contain autonomic nervous system axons that stimulate feelings of arousal and sexual climax

Labia Majora & Scrotum

Protect and cover some reproductive structures

Vestibular glands & Bulnourehral glands

Secrete mucin for lubrication

Gametes

Produced by gonads, create a new individual
Female: Oocyte


Male: Sperm


Produce sex hormones

Puberty

GnRH (from hypothalamus) > FSH and LH (from anterior pituitary) > Sex hormone release and gamete maturation (in the gonads)

Ovaries

Anchored by connective tissue called Mesovarium.


Smooth muscle fibers contract at the time of ovulation to bring ovaries closer.

Ovarian arteries drain into the inferior vena cava or the renal veins.

Sympathetic axons come from the T10 segments of the spinal cord.



Parasympathetic axons come from Cn X.

Medulla is composed of areolar connective tissue.

Primordial Follicle

Primary Oocyte.


Single layer of flattened follicular cells
Fetal period

Primary Follicle

Primary Oocyte.


Single or mutiple layers of cuboidal granulosa cells.
Puberty

Secondary Follicle

Primary Oocyte.


Mutiple layers of granulosa cells, fluid filled antrum


Puberty

Vesicular Follicle

Seconday Oocyte.


Many layers of granulosa cells.


Puberty

Corpus Luteum

No Oocyte.


Yellowish, collapsed folds of granulosa cells.


Puberty

Corpus Albicans

No Oocyte.


Whitish connective tissue scar.


Puberty.


Primary- stopped in prophase 1.


Secondary-stopped in metaphase 2.

Oogonia are diploid cells (23 pairs of chromosomes)

20 primordial follicles mature into primary follicles every month.. A few mature into secondary follicles.


If secondary oocyte is fertilized it completets the second meiotic division and becomes an ovum.

Childhood


Atresia: which some primordial follicles degenerate.


400,000 primordial follicles remain in the ovaries

Follicular Phase:


1-13days of the 28. Some primordial follicles are affected by the FSH and LH and some are not.


Inhibin: helps inhibit FSH prodctuon

Under the influence of LH, the volume of fluid increases within the antrum and the oocture is forced to one side of the follicle.

Corona Radiata: the innermost layer of the sex cells.

Ovulation: Occurs on day 14 of 28. One ovary ovulates each month. Induced when there is a peak in LH secretion.

Luteal Phase: Days 15-28. When remaining granulosa cells turn into a corpus luteum. Life span of 10-13 days.


HCg a hormone that enters the mothers bloodstream and acts on the corpus luteum (lets corpus luteum know that implantation has occured)

Menopause: No period for one year. 45-55 years old. No more ovarian follicles or stop maturing. Endometrial lining does not grow.

Wall of the uterine tube consists of mucosa (formed from ciliated columnar epithelium and a layer of areolar connective tissue), a mucularis(inner circular layer and smooth muscle) and serosa (serous membrain covering

Yes

What is puberty?

External sex characteristics become more prominent. Gametes become more mature, gonads release sex hormone.


Puberty is initiated when hypothalmus increases GnRH. Levels of FSH and LH increase the process of gamete maturation and sexual maturation.

Ovarian Follicles

1. Primordial Follicle


2. Primary Follicle


3. Secondary Follicle


4. Vesicular Follicle


5. Corpus Luteum


6. Corpus Albicans


What is ovulation?

14th day of the 28 day cycle. The release of secondary oocyte from a vesicular follicle. Induced at the peak of LH secretion.

Menarche?

Females first period, ages 11-12

Uterine Tubes

Lined by ciliated columnar epithelium

Ligaments that support the unterus?

Muscles of the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphram, urogenital diaphram)


Round ligaments, transverse cervical ligaments, uteroscacral ligaments

Layers of the uterus?

Endometrium- innermost layer


Myometrium-middle layer


Perimetrium- outermost layer

Breast Milk

Alveoli produce milk


Lactiferous ducts drains milk from the lobe


Lactiferous sinus- milk is stored

Mammary Glands

Breast milk contains proteins, fats and a sugar to provide nutrients to the infants.

What is the scrotum? Homologous to what female structure?

Skin covered sac between the thighs and provides the cooler enviroment needed for normal sperm development and maturation. Same as the labia majora in females.

What is the function of the interstitial cells and where are they located?


Located in intersitial spaces and produce hormones called androgens. Ex: testosterone.

Describe the process of speratogenesis and mention when it first occurs?

Sperm development. Does not begin until puberty.


1. Spermatogonia in mitotic division to produce a new cell called a primary oocyte.


2. First meoitic division to secondary oocyte.


3. Second meotic division occurs to produce spermatids.


4. Spermatids become sperm.

What is composition of semen? What organ contributes to semen?

Seminal fluid and sperm combine.