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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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male's role in reproduction |
produce lots of sperm deliver sperm into female |
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external gentialia |
scrotum and penis
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internal gentilia |
testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands |
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**androgen-insensitivity syndrome |
girl shows changes of puberty but doesnt menstruate testes in abdomen- XY external develop like no testosterone |
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scrotum |
pouch of skin, muscle, connective tissue, testes divide at median septum spermatic cord- deferens
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testes |
endocrine and exocrine tunic albuginea- white fibrous capsule seminiferous tubules- ducts where sperm are made lead to rete testis- partially mature sperm |
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germ cells and sustencular |
germ- become sperm sustenacular- provide nutrients,ESTROGEN, waste removal, growth factors- protect germ cells- secrete inhibin and androgen-binding protein |
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interstitial cells |
source of testosterone
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nerves |
mainly sym, some parasym sensory- pain autonomic- vasomotor- blood flow |
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spermatic ducts |
leave testis and through ducts to urethra
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epididymis |
sperm maturation and storage reabsorb fluid of testis reabsorb when sperm get old |
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duct deferens |
muscular tube widens into apulla unite with seminal vesicles innervated with sym |
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ejaculatory duct |
vas deferens and seminal vesicles meet through prostate gland |
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seminal vesicles |
associates with ductus deferens 60% semen nutrient supply for sperm enhance contraction of femal? controlled by testosterone in blood fructose, carbs citrate prostaglandins pro-semenogelin- protein for enzymes |
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prostate gland |
surround urethra and ejaculatory duct milky secretion-30% ions clotting enzymes protein hydrolyzing enzyme- sticky to fluid contorlled by testosterone in blood buffering pH of vagina
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bulbourethral glands |
brownish clear slippery fluid when aroused lubricates head of penis neutralize acidity of urine protect sperm |
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semen |
10% sperm 90% plasma 2-5 mL per ejaculation |
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penis |
3 cylindrical bodies-erectile tissues- fill with blood corpus spongiosum- ventral side- enclose urethra- expand to fill glans corpus cavernosum- proximal to sponge- above-
contain blood sinuses- lacunae
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endocrine control of puberty |
testes secrete testosterone hypothalamus- produce gonadotropin releasing hormone- GnRH makes anterior pituitary secrete LH and FSH
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LH |
make interstitial cells secrete androgens- testosterones
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FSH- |
sustenacular cells to secrete protein-androgen-binding protein binds testosterone in seminiferous tubules and epididymis |
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androgen effects |
stimulate growth of sex organs body growth
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negative feedback |
testosterone INHIBITs GnRH secretion by hypo AND GnRH sensitiivty in anterior pituitary inject steroids- will cause infertility- negative feedback |
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how to modulate FSH without reducing LH and testosterone |
inhibin- from sustenacular cells suppress FSH output from pituitary |
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spermatogenesis |
sperm production seminiferous tubules- germ cells into 4 cells, meiosis 1- stem cell in primordial germ cell- yolk sac- dormant until puberty, activated by testosterone 2-spermatogonia divide by mitosis- lifetime supply 3- enlarge to spermatocyte- tight junction of 2 sustenacular cells is gone so go through 4- meiosis I- make secondary spermatocytes- first time haploid 5- meiosis II- spermatids **spermatid into spermigenesis- sinlge SPERMATOZOAN |
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spermatozoan |
head- nucleus, acrosome(enzymes), basal body tail- midpiece(lots of mitochondria), principal, endpiece |
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how to have constant cycle |
tubules are out of phase- constantly producing sperm |
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control spermatogenesis |
FSH from anterior LH from anterior testosterone from interstitial cells reduced body temp- counter current blood flow |
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counter current blood flow |
artery and vein to testis are close hot blood to and close to cool blood going away cools interior of testis heat transfer |
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maturation and storage of sperm |
made and go into epididymis to ductus deferens stored in ampulla |
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erection |
neural-vascular reflex efferent limb parasym out of SACRAL **release NO- dilates arterioles- increase blood flow |
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emission |
neural-muscular reflex efferent limb sym out of lumbar **NE- contractions of smooth muscle of vas deferens to push into urethra |
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ejaculation |
neural-muscular efferent sym out of lumbar AND somatic motor out of sacral propel semen out, and urine cant go int |
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sym vs parasym |
sym- contract sphincter- semen no bladder, urine no mix para- propel semen out somatic motor- Ach!!! |
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phases of sexual response |
excitement plateau orgasm resolution |
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excitement |
artery dilates- erect and muscle tension erection is AUTONOMIC- parasym bulbourethral gland secretes |
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plateau |
respiratory, heart rates and blood pressure are kept high |
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orgasm |
short but intense reaction ejaculation- 2 stages emission- sym nerves stimulate peristalsis in deferens to propel sperm from epididymis to ampulla, get prostate fluid and seminal to make expulsion- somatic and sym- more fluid into urethra- constrict internal urethral sphincter- no pee in semen, SACRAL MOTOR- compress urethra- muscle of penis to expel**add seminal and prostate fluid |
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resolution |
discharge of SYM to constrict internal artery reduce blood flow become soft and flaccid refractory period- 10 min to hours |
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NO |
activates guanylate cyclase- makes cGMP that relaxes smooth muscle cGMP is degraded by PDE5 viagra inhibits PDE5 |
