Ch 27

Front 1

a fracture that has not healed within an average amount of time

Back 1

delayed union

Front 2

formation and development of bone

Back 2

osteogenesis

Front 3

how many bones are in the human skeleton?

Back 3

206

Front 4

what bone classification includes the clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula

Back 4

long bone

Front 5

the shaft of the long bone

Back 5

diaphysis

Front 6

the end of the bone

Back 6

epiphysis

Front 7

what bone class. includes the bones of the hands and feet?

Back 7

short bones

Front 8

What is the patella an example of?

Back 8

sesamoid bone or floating bones

Front 9

largest sesamoid bone in the body?

Back 9

patella

Front 10

what bone class. includes the ribs, pelvic bones, scapula, and many skull bones?

Back 10

flat bones

Front 11

what bone class. includes vertebrae, the ossicles of the ear, and some of the skull bones?

Back 11

irregular bones

Front 12

very dense bone with few open spaces

Back 12

compact bone

Front 13

what is found mostly in the small spaces of the spongy or cancellous bone?

Back 13

red marrow

Front 14

What does yellow marrow consist of?

Back 14

fat cells and connective tissue

Front 15

serves as a supporting structure for blood vessels that nourish bone and serves to attach muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

Back 15

periosteum

Front 16

a knuckle shaped portion of bone, generally found in association with a joint

Back 16

condyle

Front 17

a rounded orifice in bone; a passageway for blood vessels and nerves

Back 17

foramen

Front 18

what muscle tissue is found in the internal organs?

Back 18

smooth or involuntary

Front 19

a joint that is immovable, such as the union of the major skull bones

Back 19

synoarthrosis

Front 20

a joint that is slightly movable, such as a vertebral joint

Back 20

amphiarthrosis

Front 21

a joint that is freely movable, such as the hip or shoulder

Back 21

diarthrosis

Front 22

consists of the articulating bone ends and the connective tissues that surround and bind them

Back 22

synovial joint

Front 23

what are the groups of joints?

Back 23

ball and socket, hinge, conyloid, pivot, gliding, and saddle

Front 24

contusions, sprains, dislocations, and penetrating wounds are what?

Back 24

common injuries to joints

Front 25

attaches bone to bone

Back 25

ligaments

Front 26

attaches muscle and bone

Back 26

tendon

Front 27

an arthrography is also called a what?

Back 27

athrogram

Front 28

during an arthrography, contrast dye is injected into what?

Back 28

the joint space

Front 29

records and analyzes the electrical activity in muscles

Back 29

electromyography

Front 30

what is the most widely used of available diagnostic imaging techniques?

Back 30

x-rays

Front 31

which fractures are always an emergency?

Back 31

open or compound

Front 32

what are the three phases of fracture healing?

Back 32

the vascular phase, the metabolic phase, the mechanical phase

Front 33

what is an emergent injury to the vascular system?

Back 33

compartment syndrome

Front 34

what is done to correct compartment syndrome?

Back 34

immediate fasciotomy

Front 35

bone healing

Back 35

osteogenesis

Front 36

fracture caused by disease such as metastatic disease occurring most often at the tumor site, where the bone is weak

Back 36

pathologic fracture

Front 37

the hands apply the forces pulling on the bone being realigned

Back 37

manual traction

Front 38

the bone ends are approximated and the held in place by an internally placed device, such as a rod or pin

Back 38

closed reduction external fixation

Front 39

percutaneous puncture

Back 39

through the skin

Front 40

this procedure requires both the internal manipulation of the bone fragments and the application of a stabilizing device (orthopedic implant)

Back 40

open reduction internal fixation

Front 41

what is the most popular material for casts?

Back 41

plaster casting

Front 42

fiberglass casts are great for who?

Back 42

pediatric patients

Front 43

complications that arise from fractured bones

Back 43

hemorrhage, edema, and soft tissue injury

Front 44

as surgery requires, legs may be what?

Back 44

rotated, pulled into traction, or released

Front 45

the patient's affected leg is held by what?

Back 45

a traction device that is well padded to protect the foot

Front 46

when should the surgeon be told how long the tourniquet has been inflated?

Back 46

beginning every 30 minutes

Front 47

what are power tools powered by?

Back 47

electricity, battery, or nitrogen

Front 48

the scrub should lightly irrigate the cutting blade with what?

Back 48

saline solution

Front 49

what instruments are used to place or remove orthopedic implants?

Back 49

impactors, drivers, extractors, and screwdrivers

Front 50

designed to fit over the head of the fixation device for its removal

Back 50

extractors

Front 51

used to smooth the surface of bone

Back 51

rasps

Front 52

used to form a hollow area in the bone

Back 52

reamers

Front 53

used to lift the periosteum from the surface of the bone

Back 53

elevators

Front 54

used to spoon out bits of bone from a curved area

Back 54

curette

Front 55

during an ORIF, surgeons describe the surface area of the thread in contact with bone, the what?

Back 55

bite

Front 56

what is the sequence of a screw placement?

Back 56

size, drill, depth gauge, tap, screw

Front 57

bone cement is also known as what?

Back 57

polymethyl methacrylate

Front 58

diagnostic visual exam of the joint

Back 58

arthroscopy

Front 59

SLAP stands for what?

Back 59

superior labrum anterior-posterior

Front 60

the rotator cuff comprises the what?

Back 60

supraspinatus muscle, the subscapularis, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor

Front 61

procedure used to correct a recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder

Back 61

bankart

Front 62

procedure used to repair dislocation of the anterior glenohumeral joint, even after physical therapy

Back 62

bristow

Front 63

surgical goal is the same as the bankart procedure

Back 63

putty-platt

Front 64

may be treated by placement of percutaneous pinning

Back 64

displaced proximal humeral fractures

Front 65

treated with long plates and screws or IM rods

Back 65

mid-shaft humeral fractures

Front 66

can greatly compromise the function of the elbow

Back 66

distal humeral fractures

Front 67

the cause of the MCP joint disease in adults is longstanding what?

Back 67

rheumatic arthritis

Front 68

De Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis presents with what?

Back 68

painful wrist and thumb motion

Front 69

a form of stenosing tenosynovitis

Back 69

trigger finger

Front 70

have a female preponderance, with up to 88% of adolescent patients being girls

Back 70

bunions

Front 71

a condition in which a toe has contracted at the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Back 71

hammertoe

Front 72

after an achilles tendon repair, the foot is placed in what position?

Back 72

plantar flexed

Front 73

surgical repair of a torn tendon

Back 73

tenorrhaphy

Front 74

involves fusion of the talocalcaneal, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints

Back 74

triple arthrodesis

Front 75

used to stabilize closed or open femoral fractures

Back 75

femoral rodding

Front 76

performed to internally reduce a fracture under direct visualization of the fracture site

Back 76

ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation)

Front 77

where is an osteotomy put?

Back 77

femur

Front 78

replacing only one side of the knee

Back 78

unicompartmental

Front 79

replacing the femoral and tibial components

Back 79

bicompartmental

Front 80

replacing the femoral, tibial, and patellar components

Back 80

tricompartmental

Front 81

degenerative joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis, sever hip fractures, and osteoarthritis are indications for a what?

Back 81

arthroplasty