Ch. 24

Front 1

Joseph Stalin

Back 1

Took control of Russia

Front 2

totalitarian

Back 2

characteristic of a political system in which the government exercises complete control over its citizens’ lives.

Front 3

Benito Mussolini

Back 3

established a totalitarian regime in Italy

Front 4

fascism

Back 4

a political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator.

Front 5

Adolf Hitler

Back 5

followed a path to power similar to Mussolini’s.

Front 6

Nazism

Back 6

the political philosophy—based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism—that Adolf Hitler put into practice in Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Front 7

Francisco Franco

Back 7

rebelled against the Spanish republic

Front 8

Neutrality Acts

Back 8

a series of laws enacted in 1935 and 1936 to prevent U.S. arms sales and loans to nations at war.

Front 9

Neville Chamberlain

Back 9

British prime minister

Front 10

Winston Churchill

Back 10

Chamberlain’s political rival in Great Britain

Front 11

appeasement

Back 11

the granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace.

Front 12

nonaggression pact

Back 12

an agreement in which two nations promise not to go to war with each other.

Front 13

blitzkrieg

Back 13

from the German word meaning “lightning war,” a sudden, massive attack with combined air and ground forces, intended to achieve a quick victory.

Front 14

Charles de Gaulle

Back 14

French general

Front 15

Holocaust

Back 15

the systematic murder—or genocide—of Jews and other groups in Europe by the Nazis before and during World War II.

Front 16

Kristallnacht

Back 16

“night of broken glass,” a name given to the night of November 9, 1938, when gangs of Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany.

Front 17

genocide

Back 17

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular racial, national, or religious group.

Front 18

ghetto

Back 18

a city neighborhood in which a certain minority group is pressured or forced to live.

Front 19

concentration camp

Back 19

a prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other groups considered to be enemies of Adolf Hitler were starved while doing slave labor or were murdered.

Front 20

Axis powers

Back 20

the group of nations—including Germany, Italy, and Japan—that opposed the Allies in World War II.

Front 21

Lend-Lease Act

Back 21

a law, passed in 1941, that allowed the United States to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis powers.

Front 22

Atlantic Charter

Back 22

a 1941 declaration of principles in which the United States and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the Axis powers.

Front 23

Allies

Back 23

1. in World War I, the group of nations—originally consisting of Great Britain, France, and Russia and later joined by the United States, Italy, and others—that opposed the Central Powers. (p. 579). 2. in World War II, the group of nations— including Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States— that opposed the Axis powers.

Front 24

Hideki Tojo

Back 24

chief of staff of Japan’s Kwantung Army