Ch 22 Musculoskeletal System Fsmfn/n400 Pa

Front 1

Humans need the musculoskeletal system because

Back 1

1.) For support; to stand erect
2.) For movement
3.) To encase and Protect
4.) Produce the RBC's
5.) Reservoir for storage of essential (ex. CA & phosphorus)

Front 2

Name the 2 types of joints

Back 2

Synovial and Nonsynovial

Front 3

Define Nonsynovial joints

Back 3

The bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable (skull sutures)or only slightly movable (vertebrae)

Front 4

Define Synovial joints

Back 4

Synovial joints are fewwly movalbe because they have bones that are separated from each other and are enclosed in a joing cavity

Front 5

Describe the joint cavity in a synovial joint. (PART A)

Back 5

This cavity is filled with a lubricant, or synovial fluid, just like grease on gears, synovial fluid allows sliding of opposing surfaces, and this sliding permits movement. (PART A)

Front 6

Describe a synovial joint (PART B)

Back 6

In synovial joints, a layer of resilient cartilage covers the surface of opposing bones, the joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and is supported by ligaments

Front 7

Define cartilage

Back 7

Is avascular; it recieves nourishment from the synovial fluid that circulates during joing movement. It is very stable connective tissue with a slow cell turnover. It has tough, firm consistency, yet is flexible. This cartliage cushions the bones and gives a smooth surface to facilitate movement.s

Front 8

Define Ligament

Back 8

are fibrous bands running directly from on bone to another that strengthen the join and help preven movement in an undesirable direction.

Front 9

Muscles account for _________ to _________ of the body's weight.

Back 9

40 to 50%

Front 10

Define Flexion

Back 10

Bending a limb at a joint
Opposite=Extension

Front 11

Define Extension

Back 11

Straigntening a limb at a joint
Opposite=Flexion

Front 12

Define Abduction

Back 12

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Opposite=Adduction

Front 13

Define Adduction

Back 13

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body
Opposite=Abduction

Front 14

Define Pronation

Back 14

Turning the forearm so that the palm is down
Opposite=Supination

Front 15

Define Supination

Back 15

Turning the forearm so that the palm is upwards
Opposite=Pronation

Front 16

Define Circumduction

Back 16

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Front 17

Define Inversion

Back 17

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Opposite=Eversion

Front 18

Define Eversion

Back 18

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Opposite=Inversion

Front 19

Define Rotation

Back 19

Moving the head around a central axis

Front 20

Define Protraction

Back 20

Moving the body part forward and parallel to the ground
Opposite=Retraction

Front 21

Define Retraction

Back 21

Moving the body part backward and parallel to the ground
Opposite=Protraction

Front 22

Define Elevation

Back 22

Raising a body part
Opposite=Depression

Front 23

Define Depression

Back 23

Lowering a body part
Opposite=Elevation

Front 24

Define TMJ

Back 24

Temporomadibular joint is the articualtion of the mandible and the temporal bone.

Front 25

Name the 3 motions of the TMJ

Back 25

1.) Hinge
2.) Gliding of Protrusion and Retraction
3.) Gliding of side to side

Front 26

The spine is composed of _______ number of vertebrae

Back 26

33

Front 27

How many cervical vertebrae?

Back 27

7

Front 28

How many thoracic vertebrae?

Back 28

12

Front 29

How many lumbar vertebrae?

Back 29

5

Front 30

How many sacral vertebrae?

Back 30

5

Front 31

How many coccygeal vertebrae?

Back 31

3 to 4

Front 32

What are intervertebral discs?

Back 32

are elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitue 1/4th of the length of the column.

Front 33

The ____________ joint is the articulation of the humerous with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Back 33

Glenohumeral

Front 34

What cultural differences are found in the frontal bone?

Back 34

Thicker in black\ males than in white males

Front 35

What cultural differences are found in the parietal occiput?

Back 35

Thicker in white males that in black males

Front 36

Define Ankylosis

Back 36

immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthiritis.

Front 37

Define Ataxia

Back 37

inability to perform coordinated movements

Front 38

Define Bursa

Back 38

inclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction.

Front 39

Define Ataxia

Back 39

inablility to perform coordinated movements

Front 40

Define crepitation

Back 40

dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone.

Front 41

Define Duputren's contracture

Back 41

Flexion contractures of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia

Front 42

Define Ganglion cyst

Back 42

round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on the dorsum of the wrist

Front 43

Define Hallux Valgus

Back 43

lateral or outward deviation of the great toe

Front 44

Define kyphosis

Back 44

outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine, hunchback

Front 45

Define ligament

Back 45

fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthen the joint

Front 46

Define nucleus poposus

Back 46

center of intervetebral discs

Front 47

Define Olecranon process

Back 47

bony progection of the ulna at the elbow

Front 48

Define Patella

Back 48

kneecap

Front 49

Define plantar

Back 49

surface of the foot

Front 50

Define rheumatoid arthritis

Back 50

chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue.

Front 51

Define sciatica

Back 51

nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot

Front 52

Define scoliosis

Back 52

s-shapped curvature of the thoracic spine

Front 53

Define talipes equinovarus

Back 53

clubfoot, congenital deformith of the foot in chich it is plantar flexed and inverted

Front 54

Define Torticollis

Back 54

wryneck, contraction the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck.

Front 55

Define genus valum

Back 55

knock knees
Genus valum
Knees toGether
G=G

Front 56

Define Genu Varum

Back 56

bowlegged
genus vaRum
Knee apaRt
R=R

Front 57

Firm non-tender nodules @ the olecranon bursa is S&S of

Back 57

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 58

Name the most distal joint of the finger

Back 58

Interphalangeal

Front 59

Name the most proximal joint of the finger

Back 59

Metacarpophalangeal

Front 60

S&S of rotator cuff lesions

Back 60

pain with muscle spasm during abduction, whereas flexion stays fairly normal

Front 61

Define Ortolani's sign

Back 61

a maneuver designed to diagnos congenital hip dislocation

Front 62

Positive Ortolani's sign

Back 62

Hip instability feels like a clunk as the had of the remur pops back into place

Front 63

Negative Ortolan's sign

Back 63

Normally when the knees are moved apart and down, there is a smooth feel with no sound.

Front 64

Define Allis' sign

Back 64

an assessment technique to diagnos congenital hip displacement

Front 65

Positive Allis' sign

Back 65

One knee is significantly lower than the other

Front 66

What is the bulge sign in reference to the knee

Back 66

the bulge sing occurs with very small amounts of effusion, 4 to 8 ml from fluid flowing across the joint.

Front 67

What is ballotment of the patella?

Back 67

This test is reliable when larger amounts of fluid are present. If there is fluid in the knee you willhear a tap as the patella bumps up on the femoral condyles.

Front 68

The musculoskeletal exam should proceed in what direction?

Back 68

head to toe
proximal to distal