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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Eubacteria - Uniceller or Multicellular?
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Unicellular
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What shape are Eubacteria?
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spherical
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Spherical in shape
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Eubacteria
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two oo
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Diplococcus
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coccus means
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spherical shape
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sheets
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staphlococcus
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line ooooo
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streptococcus
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protective sticky substance outside cell wall
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capsule
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allows attachment to substrate
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capsule
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what does a capsule do?
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allows attachment to substrate
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allows attachment to surface
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pili
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transfer of DNA during conjugation
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sex pili
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what does a pili do?
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allows attachment to surface
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what does a sex pili do?
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transfer of DNA during conjugation
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What shape is bacillus?
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rod
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Rod-shaped
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bacillus
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What shape is spirillum?
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one or more twists
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One or more twists
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spirillum
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Where is the cell wall found in Eubacteria?
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external to cell membrane
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external to Eubacteria's cell membrane
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cell wall
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What is not found in the cell wall?
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cellulose
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polymer of sugar linked together by polypeptides
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peptidoglycan
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hold carbohydrates together
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peptidoglycan
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Gram Stain + means
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lots of peptidoglycan
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gram stain + color
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crystal violet
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gram stain - means
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less peptidoglycan
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gram stain - color
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pinkish red
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gram stain purple indicates
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+ lots of peptidoglycan
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gram stain pinkish red indicates
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- less peptidoglycan
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What prevents cell wall crosslinks?
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penicillin
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DNA in bacteria are (shape) and have/no histone proteins?
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circular & naked
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referred to as a bacterial chromosome
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DNA in bacteria
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what are plasmids?
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small circles of DNA w/ few genes (accessories)
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replicates independent of chromosome
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plasmid
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can be transferred during conjugation
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plasmids
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What is an obligate aerobes
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require oxygen for metabolism
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Require oxygen for metabolism
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obligate aerobe
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What is a facultative anaerobe?
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dont care if oxygen is available or not, dont use O2 for metabolism
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Dont care if oxygen is available or not
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facultative anaerobe
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dont use O2 for metabolism
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facultative anaerobe
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what is an obligate anaerobe?
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oxygen may poison them
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oxygen may poison them
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obligate anaerobe
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bind to Eubacteria ribosomes & block protein synthesis
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tetracycline & chloramphenical
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what does tetracycline & chloramphenical do?
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bind to Eubacteria ribosomes & block protein synthesis
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formed to withstand harsh conditions
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endospore
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how does an endospore form?
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cell surrounds a copy of chromosome with an extra durable wall; outer cell wall disintegrates leaving highly resistant endospore
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Two ways Eubacteria reproduce
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binary fission, conjugation
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what type of reproduction is binary fission
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asexual
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what type of reproduction is conjugation
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sexual
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what happens during binary fission
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* DNA duplicates - attached to cell membrane
* Cell synthesizes protein & lipids - adds membrane b/n 2 DNA's - membrane grows pulling DNA's apart |
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what happens during conjugation
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* Hooks recipient cell & pulls it next to the donor
* A conjugation tube develops * Plasmid is transferred through conjugation tube |
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What is conjugation?
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direct transfer of plasmid genes from one prokaryote to another
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Direct transfer of plasmid genes from one prokaryote to another
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conjugation
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what is transformation?
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bacteria can be changed by free plasmids in the surrounding environment
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Bacteria can be changed by free plasmids in the surrounding environment
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transformation
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what is the advantage of transformation?
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bacteria can take up these free plasmids through their cell wall - thus the bacteria will have a new plasmid
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what is a phototroph?
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use light for energy
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what is a chemotroph?
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obtain energy from chemicals in environment
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use light for energy
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phototroph
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obtain energy from chemicals in environments
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chemotroph
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what is an autotroph?
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use CO2 as a carbon source
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use CO2 as a carbon source
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autotroph
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what is a heterotroph?
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requires at least 1 organic nutrient for carbon such as glucose
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requires at least 1 organic nutrient for carbon such as glucose
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heterotroph
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energy source for a photoautotroph
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light
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energy source for a chemoautotroph
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inorganic chemicals
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energy source for a photoheterotroph
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light
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energy source for a chemoheterotroph
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chemicals
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carbon source for a photoautotroph
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CO2
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carbon source for a chemoautotroph
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CO2
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carbon source for a photoheterotroph
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Organic carbon
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carbon source for a chemoheterotroph
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organic compounds
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2 important Eubacteria groups
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chemoheterotrophic & photoautotrophic
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major decomposers
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chemoheterotroph
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contain some nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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chemoheterotroph
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convert atmospheric N2 to a usable form for plants
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chemoheterotroph
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photosynthetic & largest eubacteria
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photoautotroph
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eubacteria that mostly live in fresh water
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photoautotroph
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examples of a photoautotroph
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anabaena & oscillatoria
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lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
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archea
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have distinctive RNA's & RNA polymerase
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archea
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live in extreme habitats
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archea
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3 major groups in the domain archea
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methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles
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make methane from CO2 and hydrogen
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methanogens
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live in digestive tract of animals
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methanogens
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live in marshes
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methanogens
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strict anaerobes - no oxygen
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methanogens
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live at extremely hot environments
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thermophiles
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most are strict anaerobes
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thermophiles
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live in extremely salty habitats
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halophiles
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brackish habitats
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halophiles
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what do methanogens do?
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make methane from CO2 and hydrogen
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where are methanogens found?
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live in the digestive tract of animals, marshes
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where are thermophiles found?
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extremely hot environments, hot springs
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where are halophiles found?
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extremely salty habitats
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does eubacteria have a nuclear membrane?
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no
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does archea have a nuclear membrane?
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no
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does eukarya have a nuclear membrane?
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yes
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does eubacateria have a membrane bound organelles?
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no
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does archea have a membrane bound organelles?
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no
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does eukarya have membrane bound organelles?
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yes
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does eubacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
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yes
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does archea have peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
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no
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does eukarya peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
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no
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does eubacteria have introns?
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no
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does archea have introns?
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some genes
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does eukarya have introns?
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yes
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does eukarya have introns?
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yes
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does eubacteria have histones?
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no
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does archea have histones?
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few
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does eukarya have histones?
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yes
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what shape are eubacteria chromosomes?
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circular
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what shape are archea chromosomes?
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circular
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what shape are eukarya chromosomes?
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multiple-linear
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