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114 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Eubacteria - Uniceller or Multicellular?
Unicellular
What shape are Eubacteria?
spherical
Spherical in shape
Eubacteria
two oo
Diplococcus
coccus means
spherical shape
sheets
staphlococcus
line ooooo
streptococcus
protective sticky substance outside cell wall
capsule
allows attachment to substrate
capsule
what does a capsule do?
allows attachment to substrate
allows attachment to surface
pili
transfer of DNA during conjugation
sex pili
what does a pili do?
allows attachment to surface
what does a sex pili do?
transfer of DNA during conjugation
What shape is bacillus?
rod
Rod-shaped
bacillus
What shape is spirillum?
one or more twists
One or more twists
spirillum
Where is the cell wall found in Eubacteria?
external to cell membrane
external to Eubacteria's cell membrane
cell wall
What is not found in the cell wall?
cellulose
polymer of sugar linked together by polypeptides
peptidoglycan
hold carbohydrates together
peptidoglycan
Gram Stain + means
lots of peptidoglycan
gram stain + color
crystal violet
gram stain - means
less peptidoglycan
gram stain - color
pinkish red
gram stain purple indicates
+ lots of peptidoglycan
gram stain pinkish red indicates
- less peptidoglycan
What prevents cell wall crosslinks?
penicillin
DNA in bacteria are (shape) and have/no histone proteins?
circular & naked
referred to as a bacterial chromosome
DNA in bacteria
what are plasmids?
small circles of DNA w/ few genes (accessories)
replicates independent of chromosome
plasmid
can be transferred during conjugation
plasmids
What is an obligate aerobes
require oxygen for metabolism
Require oxygen for metabolism
obligate aerobe
What is a facultative anaerobe?
dont care if oxygen is available or not, dont use O2 for metabolism
Dont care if oxygen is available or not
facultative anaerobe
dont use O2 for metabolism
facultative anaerobe
what is an obligate anaerobe?
oxygen may poison them
oxygen may poison them
obligate anaerobe
bind to Eubacteria ribosomes & block protein synthesis
tetracycline & chloramphenical
what does tetracycline & chloramphenical do?
bind to Eubacteria ribosomes & block protein synthesis
formed to withstand harsh conditions
endospore
how does an endospore form?
cell surrounds a copy of chromosome with an extra durable wall; outer cell wall disintegrates leaving highly resistant endospore
Two ways Eubacteria reproduce
binary fission, conjugation
what type of reproduction is binary fission
asexual
what type of reproduction is conjugation
sexual
what happens during binary fission
* DNA duplicates - attached to cell membrane
* Cell synthesizes protein & lipids - adds membrane b/n 2 DNA's - membrane grows pulling DNA's apart
what happens during conjugation
* Hooks recipient cell & pulls it next to the donor
* A conjugation tube develops
* Plasmid is transferred through conjugation tube
What is conjugation?
direct transfer of plasmid genes from one prokaryote to another
Direct transfer of plasmid genes from one prokaryote to another
conjugation
what is transformation?
bacteria can be changed by free plasmids in the surrounding environment
Bacteria can be changed by free plasmids in the surrounding environment
transformation
what is the advantage of transformation?
bacteria can take up these free plasmids through their cell wall - thus the bacteria will have a new plasmid
what is a phototroph?
use light for energy
what is a chemotroph?
obtain energy from chemicals in environment
use light for energy
phototroph
obtain energy from chemicals in environments
chemotroph
what is an autotroph?
use CO2 as a carbon source
use CO2 as a carbon source
autotroph
what is a heterotroph?
requires at least 1 organic nutrient for carbon such as glucose
requires at least 1 organic nutrient for carbon such as glucose
heterotroph
energy source for a photoautotroph
light
energy source for a chemoautotroph
inorganic chemicals
energy source for a photoheterotroph
light
energy source for a chemoheterotroph
chemicals
carbon source for a photoautotroph
CO2
carbon source for a chemoautotroph
CO2
carbon source for a photoheterotroph
Organic carbon
carbon source for a chemoheterotroph
organic compounds
2 important Eubacteria groups
chemoheterotrophic & photoautotrophic
major decomposers
chemoheterotroph
contain some nitrogen-fixing bacteria
chemoheterotroph
convert atmospheric N2 to a usable form for plants
chemoheterotroph
photosynthetic & largest eubacteria
photoautotroph
eubacteria that mostly live in fresh water
photoautotroph
examples of a photoautotroph
anabaena & oscillatoria
lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
archea
have distinctive RNA's & RNA polymerase
archea
live in extreme habitats
archea
3 major groups in the domain archea
methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles
make methane from CO2 and hydrogen
methanogens
live in digestive tract of animals
methanogens
live in marshes
methanogens
strict anaerobes - no oxygen
methanogens
live at extremely hot environments
thermophiles
most are strict anaerobes
thermophiles
live in extremely salty habitats
halophiles
brackish habitats
halophiles
what do methanogens do?
make methane from CO2 and hydrogen
where are methanogens found?
live in the digestive tract of animals, marshes
where are thermophiles found?
extremely hot environments, hot springs
where are halophiles found?
extremely salty habitats
does eubacteria have a nuclear membrane?
no
does archea have a nuclear membrane?
no
does eukarya have a nuclear membrane?
yes
does eubacateria have a membrane bound organelles?
no
does archea have a membrane bound organelles?
no
does eukarya have membrane bound organelles?
yes
does eubacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
yes
does archea have peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
no
does eukarya peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
no
does eubacteria have introns?
no
does archea have introns?
some genes
does eukarya have introns?
yes
does eukarya have introns?
yes
does eubacteria have histones?
no
does archea have histones?
few
does eukarya have histones?
yes
what shape are eubacteria chromosomes?
circular
what shape are archea chromosomes?
circular
what shape are eukarya chromosomes?
multiple-linear