Ch. 2.1-2.2 Vocab

Front 1

Biochemistry

Back 1

a field of life science; biological chemistry

Front 2

decomposition reaction

Back 2

the bonds of a reactant molecule break to form simpler molecules, atoms, or ions; AB --> A+B

Front 3

exchange reaction

Back 3

(replacement reaction), parts of 2 different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed; AB+CD --> AD +CB

Front 4

reversible reaction

Back 4

the product or products can change back to the reactant or reactants;
A+B --><-- AB

Front 5

catalyst

Back 5

molecules that influence the rates (not the direction) of chemical reactions but are not consumed in the process.

Front 6

electrolyte

Back 6

substances that release ions in water

Front 7

acid

Back 7

electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions (H+) in water.

Front 8

base

Back 8

substances that combine with hydrogen ions.

Front 9

salt

Back 9

bases can react w/ acids to neutralize them, forming water and electrolytes called salts

Front 10

pH scale

Back 10

Mixing acids and bases can cancel out their extreme effects; much like mixing hot and cold water can even out the water temperature. A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. It ranges from 0 to 14.

Hint 10

Front 11

buffer

Back 11

chemicals that resist pH change

Front 12

organic

Back 12

compounds that have carbon and hydrogen

Front 13

inorganic

Back 13

compounds w/out carbon and hydrogen; all other chemicals

Front 14

carbohydrates

Back 14

provide much of the energy that cells require, also supply materials to build certain cellstructures and they often are stored as reserve energy supplies.

Front 15

monosaccharides

Back 15

single sugars

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disaccharides

Back 16

double sugars

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polysaccharides

Back 17

complex carbohydrates

Front 18

lipids

Back 18

a group of organic chemicals that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Front 19

saturated fatty acid

Back 19

single carbon bonds link all the carbon atoms, each carbon atom binds as many hydrogen atoms as possible and is thus saturated w/ hydrogen atoms

Front 20

unsaturated fatty acids

Back 20

have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Front 21

proteins

Back 21

structural materials, energy sources, and chemical messengers (hormones).

Front 22

enzymes

Back 22

they speed specific chemical reactions w/out being consumed.

Front 23

amino acids

Back 23

biologically important organic compounds composed of amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.

Front 24

nucleic acids

Back 24

polymeric macromolecules, or large biological molecules, essential for all known forms of life, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleicacid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides.

Front 25

nucleotides

Back 25

organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. The building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and at least one phosphate group.

Front 26

RNA

Back 26

Ribonucleic acid; is a polymeric molecule. It's implicated in a varied sort of biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes

Front 27

DNA

Back 27

Deoxyribonucleic acid; is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development andfunctioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.