Ch 20: Respiratory - Exam 2 Review

Front 1

Describe the structures of the nasal cavity

Back 1

Nostril to the Chonae (pharynx opening)

Front 2

How is air cleaned?

Back 2

Hairs

Front 3

How is air humidified?

Back 3

Moisture of the epithelium

Front 4

How is air warmed?

Back 4

Blood flow

Front 5

Name the three parts of the pharynx

Back 5

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynopharynx

Front 6

Distinguish between the vestibular and vocal folds.

Back 6

Vestibular: False, no sound

Vocal: True, sound

Front 7

How is the entry of swallowed materials into the larynx prevented?

Back 7

Epiglottis?

Front 8

How are sounds of different loudness and pitch produced by the vocal cords?

Back 8

Vibration

Front 9

What is laryngitis?

Back 9

Inflammation of mucosal epithelium of vocal folds

Front 10

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Back 10

Covers the larynx when swallowing

Front 11

Describe the epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree. How is debris removed from the tracheobronchial tree?

Back 11

-

Front 12

Take the flow of air from the mouth to the alveoli

Back 12

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchus, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, terminal bronchiole respiratory bronchiole, bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac

Front 13

Relate asthma to the bronchi and bronchioles

Back 13

-

Front 14

Name the 3 types of cells in the alveolar wall

Back 14

Type I Pneumocyte

Type II Penumocyte

Dust Cells

Front 15

Function of Type I Pneumocytes

Back 15

Gas exchange between air and surface

Front 16

Function of Type II Penumocytes

Back 16

Expansion during breathing

Front 17

Ventilation

Back 17

Breathing; air in and out of lungs

Front 18

Inspiration

Back 18

Air in lungs

Front 19

Expiration

Back 19

Air out of lungs

Front 20

Example how changes in alveolar volume cause air to move into and out of the lungs

Back 20

In: pleural pressure and alveoli expand

Front 21

Name two things that cause the lungs to recoil

Back 21

Elastic fibers in connective tissue

Surface tension

Front 22

Name two things that keep the lungs from collapsing

Back 22

Surfactant

Pleural pressure

Front 23

What is a surfactant and what effect does it have on water surface tension and the tendency for lungs to collapse?

Back 23

Form a later that reduced surface tension of lungs

Front 24

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrom

Back 24

SIDS- baby dies during sleep

Front 25

Tidal Volume

Back 25

Normal breathing

Front 26

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Back 26

Take in as much air as possible

Front 27

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Back 27

Force out as much air as possible

Front 28

Reserve Volume

Back 28

The amount of air left inside of the lungs after ERV

Front 29

Inspiratory Capacity

Back 29

TV & IRV

Front 30

Functional residual capactiy

Back 30

ERV & RV

Front 31

VItal Capacity

Back 31

TV, IRV & ERV

Front 32

Total Lung Capacity

Back 32

Amount of air the lungs can hold

Front 33

Minute Ventilation

Back 33

Tital Volume over 1 minute

Front 34

Dead Space

Back 34

Gas exchange does not occur

Front 35

Alveolar Ventilation

Back 35

Volume of air available for gas exxhange

Front 36

According the Dalton;s law, what is the partial pressure of a gas?

Back 36

Pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of a gas

Front 37

According the Henry's law, how do the partial pressure and solubility of a gas affect its concentration of a liquid?

Back 37

The amount of gas that can dissolve a liquid= partial pressure of a gas * solubility coefficient

Front 38

Describe 4 factors that affect the diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane

Back 38

1. PP gradient of gas across membrane

2. Diffusion coefficient of gas in substance of membrane

3. Thickness of a membrane

4. Surface area of a membrane

Front 39

Name two ways the oxygen transported in the blood.

Back 39

Dissolve in plasma, combines with hemoglobin

Front 40

What is the effect of lowering HCO3- concentration inside RBC on the carbon dioxide transport?

Back 40

Promotes CO2 transport because of HCO3 declines, CO2 and H20 combined

Front 41

What is the chloride shirt, and what does it accomplish?

Back 41

Cl- exchanged for HCO3 to maintain electrical balance in RBC and plasma as HCO3 and Cl into RBC

Front 42

Name 3 effects produced by H+ binding to Hemoglobin

Back 42

Carbon Dioxide transport increases

pH doesn't increase

Oxygen affinity decreases

Front 43

What effect does blood Carbon Dioxide have on blood pH

Back 43

Increased CO2 = decreased pH

Decreased CO2 = Increased pH

Front 44

Name three repiratory groups and their functions

Back 44

Medullary

Dorsal

Ventral

Front 45

Hypercapnia

Back 45

Increased carbon dioxide corrected by increased breathing; caused by hypoventilation

Front 46

Hypocapnia

Back 46

Decreased carbon dioxide corrected by decreased breathing; caused by hyperventilation

Front 47

What effect does a decrease in blood pH or carbon dioxide have on respiratory rate?

Back 47

Increased CO2, Decreased pH = Breathing increase

Decreased CO2 , Increased pH= breathing decrease

Front 48

Hypoxia

Back 48

Decrease in oxygen levels below normal value

Front 49

Describe the Hering-Breuer reflex and its function

Back 49

-Keep lungs from expanding to far

-Forced exhalation so lungs don't overinflate or pop.