Ch 20 Fluid And Electrolyte Balance From The Human Body In Health And Disease

Front 1

The dominant positive ion found in the body

Back 1

Sodium Na+

Front 2

The dominant negative ion found in the body

Back 2

Chloride Cl-

Front 3

positive or negative?

Calcium ion

Back 3

Positive

Ca++

Front 4

positive or negative?

Chloride ion

Back 4

Negative

Cl-

Front 5

positive or negative?

Potassium ion

Back 5

Positive

K+

Front 6

positive or negative?

Bicarbonate ion

Back 6

Negative

HCO3-

Front 7

positive or negative?

Phosphate ion

Back 7

Negative

HPO4= (double negative)

Front 8

positive or negative?

Ionized proteins

Back 8

Negative

Front 9

positive or negative?

Magnesium ion

Back 9

Positive

Mg++

Front 10

positive or negative?

Sodium ion

Back 10

Positive

Na+

Front 11

Positive Ions found in the body

Back 11

Na+ (Sodium) 142 mEq/L
K+ (potassium) 4 mEq/L
Ca++ (calcium) 5 mEq/L
Mg++ (magnesium) 2 mEq/L

Front 12

Negative Ions found in the body

Back 12

Cl- (chloride) 102 mEq/L
HCO3- (Bicarbonate) 26 mEq/L
ionized proteins 17 mEq/L
other 6 mEq/L
HPO4= (phosphate) 2mEq/L

Front 13

Where is Aldosterone secreted

Back 13

Adrenal cortex

Front 14

When the volume of IF reaches abnormal levels resulting in tissue swelling

Back 14

Edema

Front 15

What does Aldosterone mechanism do?

Back 15

restores normal extracellular fluid (ECF) volume when such levels decrease below normal by increasing Na+ reabsorption by the kidney tubules

Front 16

Excess Aldosterone leads to what

Back 16

excess ECF volume--that is, excess blood volume (hypervolemia) and excess IF (edema)--and also leads to an excess of the total Na+ content of the body

Front 17

type of fluid output that changes most

Back 17

urine volume

Front 18

average daily diet contains how much sodium Na+

Back 18

100 mEq

Front 19

Chief regulator of Na+ in the body

Back 19

Kidney's

Front 20

Of the trhree main body fluids, which fluid varies the most

Back 20

IF

Front 21

Natrium

Back 21

Sodium Na+

Front 22

Hypernatremia

Back 22

Blood sodium Na+ level of more than 145mEq/L

Front 23

Hyponatremia

Back 23

Blodd Sodium Na+ level below 136 mEq/L

Front 24

May result from overuse of salt tablets, dehydration, or prolonged diarrhea

Back 24

Hypernatremia

Front 25

Characterized by a relative deficit of water to salt in the extracellular fluid

Back 25

Hypernatremia

Front 26

Occurs when there is relatively too much water in the extracellular fluid compartment for the amount of sodium present

Back 26

Hyponatremia

Front 27

This can occur if excessive antidiuretic hormone is produced or after massive infusion of IV fluids, such as 5% dextrose in water

Back 27

Hyponatremia

Front 28

May be caused by excessive salt loss resulting from burns or certain diuretics, characterized by headache, confusion, seizures, and, in the most severe cases, coma and death

Back 28

Hyponatremia

Front 29

Normal range for potassium K+ in blood is

Back 29

3.8 to 5.1 mEq/L

Front 30

Clinical term used to describe blood potassium levels of more than 5.1 mEq/L

Back 30

Hyperkalemia

Front 31

Kalium

Back 31

Potassium K+

Front 32

Clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia

Back 32

muscle malfunction progressing to skeletal muscles weakening and paralysis develops. Severe results in cardiac arrest

Front 33

refers to a low blood potassium K+ level below 3.8 mEq/L

Back 33

Hypokalemia

Front 34

Causes of Hypokalemia

Back 34

Fasting, fad diets low in dietary potassium K+, abuse of laxatives and certain diuretics in extreme weight loss programs, or by loss of potassium because of diarrhea, vomitting, or gastric suction.

Front 35

Most abundant mineral in the body

Back 35

Calcium Ca++

Front 36

Normal range for serum Ca++

Back 36

8.4 to 10.5 mg/dl

Front 37

When blood calcium Ca++ rise above normal limits

Back 37

Hypercalcemia

Front 38

Causes of Hypercalcemia

Back 38

Excessive input or by increased absorption that may occur following an overdose of vitamin D

Front 39

Effects of Hypercalcemia

Back 39

Decreases neuromuscular irritability resulting in fatigue, muscle weakness, diminished reflexes, and delayed atrioventricular conduction in the heart

Front 40

May result from dietary calcium Ca++ deficiency, decreased absorption or availability, and as a result of increased calcium excretion.

Back 40

Hypocalcemia

Front 41

Organic compounds such as glucose that do not break up or dissociate in water solution

Back 41

Nonelectrolytes

Front 42

Compounds such as ordinary table salt, or sodium chloride NaCl, that have molecular bonds that permit them to break up or dissociate in water solution into separate particles

Back 42

Electrolytes

Front 43

Hormone produced in the atrial wall of the heart

Back 43

ANH Atrial natriuretic hormone

Front 44

Hormone that increases urine volume

Back 44

ANH Atrial natriuretic hormone

Front 45

Water loss hormone or diuretic hormone

Back 45

ANH Atrial natriuretic hormone

Front 46

Cheif regulator of Urine volume

Back 46

hormones

Front 47

Hormone produced in the posterior pituitary

Back 47

ADH antidiuretic hormone

Front 48

Hormone produced by adrenal cortex

Back 48

Aldosterone

Front 49

Two hormones that reduce urine volume by promoting water reabsorption from the kidney tubule back into the blood

Back 49

ADH antidiuretic hormone
Aldosterone

Front 50

Three methods of water input

Back 50

ingested liquid
water in foods
tissue catabolism

Front 51

4 methods of water output

Back 51

lungs (water vapor)
skin (sweat)
Kidney (urine)
large intestine (feces)

Front 52

Body fluid compartments

Back 52

ECF extra cellular
ICF intracellular

Front 53

plasma in blood vessels, interstitial fluid (IF), lymph, cerebro spinal fluid, humors of the eye, and the synovial jint fluids

Back 53

ECF

Front 54

Where is the largest volume of body fluid found

Back 54

ICF

Front 55

Body tissue that contains the least amount of water

Back 55

Adipose

Front 56

% of water in newbord infant

Back 56

80%

Front 57

% of water in Adult male

Back 57

60%

Front 58

% of water in Adult female

Back 58

50%

Front 59

Of the 40L of water in a young adult male, what are the relative volumes of three body fluids

Back 59

Plasma (3L)
Interstitial fluid (IF): (12L)
Intracellular fluid (ICF): (25L)