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92 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

3 parts of the lymphatic system

1. Network of lymphatic vessels (lymphatics)


2. Lymph


3. Lymph nodes

Fluid in vessels

Lymph

Cleanse lymph

Lymph nodes

Name the lymphoid organs

Spleen


Thymus


tonsils


Peyers patches


What do lymphoid organs store?

Phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

Return interstitial fluid and plasma proteins back to blood

Lymphatic vessels

Types of lymph vessels (lymphatics)

Lymphatic capillaries



Collecting lymphatic vessels



Lymphatic trunks and ducts

Name a characteristic of lymphatic capillaries.

- Very permeable


What increases the permeability of lymphatic capillaries?

Inflammation

Increased ECF in lymphatic capillary volume opens up ________.

Minivalves

Prevents collapse of capillaries

Collagen filaments

T or F


Lymphatic capillaries are found in bones teeth and the CNS.

False,


They are absent in bones teeth, bone marrow, and cartilage (avascular)

Lacteals

Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

T or F


Lacteals absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to blood.

True

Chyle

Fatty lymph

T or F


Lymphatic capillaries are found in the CNS

True

Vessels of vessels

Vasa Vasorum

Collecting vessels in skin travel with _______.

Superficial veins

Deep vessels travel with ______.

Arteries

T or F


The flow of lymph is intermittent and rapid

False, it's intermittent and sluggish

How do skeletal muscle affect the flow of lymph?

Contraction of skeletal muscle has a milking effect

T or F


The flow of lymph has no central pump and very low pressure.

True

If a person has an infected leg, what should you do?

Immobilize so we don't spread the infection

What forms lymphatic trunks

The union of large collecting ducts

Drain large regions of the body

Lymphatic trunks

What is the lymphatic trunk with a single duct?

Intestinal trunk

Name all the lymphatic trunks

- paired lumbar


- paired Bronchomediastinal


- paired subclavian


- paired jugular trunks



- single intestinal trunk

Lymph is delivered into two large ducts called

- Right lymphatic duct


- Thoracic duct

Drains into right upper arm, right side of head, and right thorax.

Right lymphatic duct

Drains rest of body

Thoracic duct

Cisterna chyli

Saclike chamber, base of thoracic duct expanded.

How is lymph transported?

- milking of skeletal muscles


- breathing


- Valves


- pulsation of nearby arteries


- smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics

The main warriors of immune system

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes arise from_______.

Bone marrow

Lymphocytes

- T cells (T lymphocytes)


- B cells (B lymphocytes)


T or F


T cells and B cells protect against infection.

False , against Antigens

Antigens

Anything the body perceives foreign.


- bacteria


- toxins


-viruses


- cancer cells


- mismatched RBC

Something that provokes an immune response

Antigen

Manage immune response and


attack/destroy infected cells

T cells

B cells

Produce Plasma cells, which secrete Antibodies.

What cells produce antibodies?

Plasma Cells

T or F


Antibodies mark antigens

True

Macrophages

Phagocytize and help activate T cells

Dendritic cells

Capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes

Found in lymphoid organs, they help keep everything together.


Produce reticular fiber stroma

Reticular cells

The site of prolliferation for lymphocytes.

Lymphoid tissue

Lymphoid tissue is made up of _______

Reticular connective tissue

Types of lymphoid tissue

- Diffuse lymphoid tissue


- lymphoid follicles

Follicles in Appendix are called ______.

Peyers patch

Tissue that dominates all the lymphoid organs except the thymus.

Reticular connective tissue

A loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and reticular fibers that is found mostly in connective tissue of mucous membranes, like the digestive tract.

Diffuse lymphoid tissue

Follicles in the appendix are called _____

Peyers patch

Functions of lymph nodes

1. Filter lymph:


macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris.



2. Immune system activation:


Lymphocytes activated to attack antigens

What kind of cells would you find in the germinal center of lymph nodes.?

÷ B cells

T cells in transit are housed in the _____.

Deep cortex

T or F


T-cells circulate continuously among blood, lymph, and lymph node looking for pathogens.

True

Medullary cords contain what types of cells?


A. Dendritic cells


B. B cells


C. Plasma cells


D. T cells


E. All of the above

B, C, D



B-cells, t cells, plasma cells

How does lymph travels through lymph node?


A. Convex side, hilum, large subcapsular sinus, medullary sinus


B. Hilum, convex side, concave side, subcapsular sinus


C. Convex side, subcapsular sinus, medullary sinus, concave side at hilum.


D. Convex side, subcapsular sinus, hilum

C

T or F


The circulation of lymph through the lymph node is fast, because it monitors what is going on.

False, it is slow to monitor

Functions of the spleen

1. Site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response



2. Cleanses blood of aged cells and platelets, macrophages remove debris

T or F


The spleen stores breakdown products of RBC's, platelets, and monocytes.

True

Site of fetal erythrocyte production

Spleen

Contains lymphocytes macrophages and huge number of erythrocytes

Spleen

White pulp in the spleen contains____


(Not the arteriole)

Lymphocytes on reticular fibers

Rich in RBC's and macrophages

Red pulp of spleen

Stop growing during adolescence, but still produces immuno competent cells

Thymus

Most thymic cells are ______ lymphocytes

Tcells

T or F


Lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus divide slower than in the medulla.

False, they divide rapidly in the cortex

Cortex of the thymus has

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Part of thymus that contains fewer lymphocytes

Medulla

Thymic corpuscles

Involved in regulatory T cell development

Where do tcells mature?

Thymus

Thymic corpuscles are also called _______

Hassall's corpuscles

The thymus doesn't have follicles because it lacks ______

B cells

T or F


The thymus directly fights antigens

False, does not

Keeps blood-borne antigens out of the thymus.

Blood thymus barrier

The _____ of the thymus consists of epithelial cells rather than reticular fibers.

Stroma

Provide environment for T lymphocytes maturation

Epithelial cells in the stroma

MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

Protect from pathogens trying to enter body

Where is the largest collection of MALT found?

Tonsils


Peyers patches


Appendix



+ respiratory, genitourinary organs, and GI tract

Form ring around pharynx

- palatine tonsils


- lingual tonsil


- pharyngeal tonsil


- tubal tonsil

What is the function of the tonsils

Gather and remove pathogens in food and air

Functions of Tonsilar crypts;

- trap and destroy bacteria and particulate matter



- allow immune cells to build memory for pathogens

Functions of both, peyers patches and appendix.

- destroy bacteria


- prevent breaching


- generate "memory" lymphocytes (b cells)

Peyers patches location.

- in wall of distal portion of small intestine (jejunum & ilium)

The only two lymphoid organs fully developed at birth

Spleen and tonsils

Lymphadema

- Caused by blockage of lymphatic drainage



- danger: risk of infection



- can result in loss or scarring of lymphatics



-filariasis leads to elephantiasis

Cancer of the lymphocytes

Lymphomas

Hodgkin's disease

Malignancy of lymphoid tissue

Non-hodgkin's lymphoma

All other lymphoma

Location of lymph nodes.

Near body surface in inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of body

Lymph sinuses

Openings in lymph nodes


- contain macrophages


- allows fluid to move