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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 parts of the lymphatic system |
1. Network of lymphatic vessels (lymphatics) 2. Lymph 3. Lymph nodes |
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Fluid in vessels |
Lymph |
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Cleanse lymph |
Lymph nodes |
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Name the lymphoid organs |
Spleen Thymus tonsils Peyers patches |
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What do lymphoid organs store? |
Phagocytic cells and lymphocytes |
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Return interstitial fluid and plasma proteins back to blood |
Lymphatic vessels |
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Types of lymph vessels (lymphatics) |
Lymphatic capillaries Collecting lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic trunks and ducts |
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Name a characteristic of lymphatic capillaries. |
- Very permeable |
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What increases the permeability of lymphatic capillaries? |
Inflammation |
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Increased ECF in lymphatic capillary volume opens up ________. |
Minivalves |
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Prevents collapse of capillaries |
Collagen filaments |
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T or F Lymphatic capillaries are found in bones teeth and the CNS. |
False, They are absent in bones teeth, bone marrow, and cartilage (avascular) |
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Lacteals |
Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa |
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T or F Lacteals absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to blood. |
True |
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Chyle |
Fatty lymph |
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T or F Lymphatic capillaries are found in the CNS |
True |
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Vessels of vessels |
Vasa Vasorum |
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Collecting vessels in skin travel with _______. |
Superficial veins |
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Deep vessels travel with ______. |
Arteries |
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T or F The flow of lymph is intermittent and rapid |
False, it's intermittent and sluggish |
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How do skeletal muscle affect the flow of lymph? |
Contraction of skeletal muscle has a milking effect |
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T or F The flow of lymph has no central pump and very low pressure. |
True |
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If a person has an infected leg, what should you do? |
Immobilize so we don't spread the infection |
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What forms lymphatic trunks |
The union of large collecting ducts |
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Drain large regions of the body |
Lymphatic trunks |
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What is the lymphatic trunk with a single duct? |
Intestinal trunk |
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Name all the lymphatic trunks |
- paired lumbar - paired Bronchomediastinal - paired subclavian - paired jugular trunks - single intestinal trunk |
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Lymph is delivered into two large ducts called |
- Right lymphatic duct - Thoracic duct |
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Drains into right upper arm, right side of head, and right thorax. |
Right lymphatic duct |
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Drains rest of body |
Thoracic duct |
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Cisterna chyli |
Saclike chamber, base of thoracic duct expanded. |
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How is lymph transported? |
- milking of skeletal muscles - breathing - Valves - pulsation of nearby arteries - smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics |
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The main warriors of immune system |
Lymphocytes |
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Lymphocytes arise from_______. |
Bone marrow |
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Lymphocytes |
- T cells (T lymphocytes) - B cells (B lymphocytes) |
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T or F T cells and B cells protect against infection. |
False , against Antigens |
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Antigens |
Anything the body perceives foreign. - bacteria - toxins -viruses - cancer cells - mismatched RBC |
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Something that provokes an immune response |
Antigen |
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Manage immune response and attack/destroy infected cells |
T cells |
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B cells |
Produce Plasma cells, which secrete Antibodies. |
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What cells produce antibodies? |
Plasma Cells |
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T or F Antibodies mark antigens |
True |
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Macrophages |
Phagocytize and help activate T cells |
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Dendritic cells |
Capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes |
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Found in lymphoid organs, they help keep everything together. Produce reticular fiber stroma |
Reticular cells |
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The site of prolliferation for lymphocytes. |
Lymphoid tissue |
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Lymphoid tissue is made up of _______ |
Reticular connective tissue |
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Types of lymphoid tissue |
- Diffuse lymphoid tissue - lymphoid follicles |
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Follicles in Appendix are called ______. |
Peyers patch |
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Tissue that dominates all the lymphoid organs except the thymus. |
Reticular connective tissue |
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A loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and reticular fibers that is found mostly in connective tissue of mucous membranes, like the digestive tract. |
Diffuse lymphoid tissue |
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Follicles in the appendix are called _____ |
Peyers patch |
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Functions of lymph nodes |
1. Filter lymph: macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris. 2. Immune system activation: Lymphocytes activated to attack antigens |
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What kind of cells would you find in the germinal center of lymph nodes.? |
÷ B cells |
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T cells in transit are housed in the _____. |
Deep cortex |
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T or F T-cells circulate continuously among blood, lymph, and lymph node looking for pathogens. |
True |
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Medullary cords contain what types of cells? A. Dendritic cells B. B cells C. Plasma cells D. T cells E. All of the above |
B, C, D B-cells, t cells, plasma cells |
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How does lymph travels through lymph node? A. Convex side, hilum, large subcapsular sinus, medullary sinus B. Hilum, convex side, concave side, subcapsular sinus C. Convex side, subcapsular sinus, medullary sinus, concave side at hilum. D. Convex side, subcapsular sinus, hilum |
C |
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T or F The circulation of lymph through the lymph node is fast, because it monitors what is going on. |
False, it is slow to monitor |
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Functions of the spleen |
1. Site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response 2. Cleanses blood of aged cells and platelets, macrophages remove debris |
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T or F The spleen stores breakdown products of RBC's, platelets, and monocytes. |
True |
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Site of fetal erythrocyte production |
Spleen |
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Contains lymphocytes macrophages and huge number of erythrocytes |
Spleen |
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White pulp in the spleen contains____ (Not the arteriole) |
Lymphocytes on reticular fibers |
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Rich in RBC's and macrophages |
Red pulp of spleen |
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Stop growing during adolescence, but still produces immuno competent cells |
Thymus |
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Most thymic cells are ______ lymphocytes |
Tcells |
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T or F Lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus divide slower than in the medulla. |
False, they divide rapidly in the cortex |
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Cortex of the thymus has |
Lymphocytes and macrophages |
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Part of thymus that contains fewer lymphocytes |
Medulla |
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Thymic corpuscles |
Involved in regulatory T cell development |
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Where do tcells mature? |
Thymus |
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Thymic corpuscles are also called _______ |
Hassall's corpuscles |
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The thymus doesn't have follicles because it lacks ______ |
B cells |
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T or F The thymus directly fights antigens |
False, does not |
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Keeps blood-borne antigens out of the thymus. |
Blood thymus barrier |
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The _____ of the thymus consists of epithelial cells rather than reticular fibers. |
Stroma |
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Provide environment for T lymphocytes maturation |
Epithelial cells in the stroma |
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MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) |
Protect from pathogens trying to enter body |
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Where is the largest collection of MALT found? |
Tonsils Peyers patches Appendix + respiratory, genitourinary organs, and GI tract |
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Form ring around pharynx |
- palatine tonsils - lingual tonsil - pharyngeal tonsil - tubal tonsil |
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What is the function of the tonsils |
Gather and remove pathogens in food and air |
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Functions of Tonsilar crypts; |
- trap and destroy bacteria and particulate matter - allow immune cells to build memory for pathogens |
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Functions of both, peyers patches and appendix. |
- destroy bacteria - prevent breaching - generate "memory" lymphocytes (b cells) |
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Peyers patches location. |
- in wall of distal portion of small intestine (jejunum & ilium) |
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The only two lymphoid organs fully developed at birth |
Spleen and tonsils |
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Lymphadema |
- Caused by blockage of lymphatic drainage - danger: risk of infection - can result in loss or scarring of lymphatics -filariasis leads to elephantiasis |
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Cancer of the lymphocytes |
Lymphomas |
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Hodgkin's disease |
Malignancy of lymphoid tissue |
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Non-hodgkin's lymphoma |
All other lymphoma |
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Location of lymph nodes. |
Near body surface in inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of body |
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Lymph sinuses |
Openings in lymph nodes - contain macrophages - allows fluid to move |