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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cause and Effect
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A relationship between two or more variables in which one variable influences or explains the change in the other variables
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Correlation
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When two or more variables change in value together in teh same or opposite direction
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Dependent Variable
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A variable whose value is believed to depend upon or to be caused by another variable.
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Experiments
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Carefully designed and controlled attempts, usually conducted in a laboratory, to determine the effect of specific variables on a particular dependent variable or on the behavior or attitudes of the experiment's subject.
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Field Research
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The study of social life in its natural setting
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Hypothesis
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A statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables
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Independent Variable
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A variable that causes or produces change in the value of another (dependent) variable
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Negative Correlation
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A relationship between two variables such that in the majority of cases, when one variable increases in value, the decreases in value.
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Operationalize
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To specify how the variable is to be measured.
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Participant Observation
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A research method in which the researcher systematically ovserves people while actually joining with them in their activities
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Perfect Positive Correlation
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A relationship between two variables such that they both change together and in teh same direction in all cases
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Population
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The group of people to whom the results of research are applicable
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Positive Correlation
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A relationship between two variables such that they both change together in the same direction in the majority of cases
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Qualitative Research
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Research that emphasizes the uncovering of subjective meaning and ways eople interact in everyday life through the use of discriptive, rather than numerical, data
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Quantitive Research
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research that emphasizes the statistical analysis of numerical data
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Random Sampling
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Process by which each member of a population of interest has the same chance of being selected for participation in the study.
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Reliability
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Consistency in the measurement of a variable over time; the quality of measurement of the variable that suggest that the same results and data would be collected in repeated observations.
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Representative Sample
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A subgroup of the population that accurately reflects the composition of the population as well as the distribution of important characteristics and attributes within the population
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Sample
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A subgroup of the population from which the researcher will collect data
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Secondary Analysis of Existing Data
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The use of data intially collected by other researchers to analyze a topic of interest.
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Validity
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The extent to which a measure actually measures what it is intended to measure.
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Deductive Model
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begins with a general theory or set of hypotheses and then moves on to the collection of appropriate data to test the theory or hypotheses
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Inductive (grounded) Model
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Begins with specific observations, upon which a theoretical account is then fashioned that accounts for and explains the observations and their meanings.
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