Ch. 2 Biology Of The Mind

Front 1

Biological psychology

Back 1

links between biology and behavior

Front 2

Neuron

Back 2

nerve cell, basic building block of the nervous system

Front 3

Sensory neurons

Back 3

carry info to the CNS (carry inward)

Front 4

Motor neurons

Back 4

carry info and instructions for action to muscles and glands (carry outward)

Front 5

Interneurons

Back 5

neurons in the CNS, link sensory and motor neurons

Front 6

Dendrites

Back 6

bushy branching extensions, receive messages, conduct impulses toward cell body

Front 7

Axon

Back 7

sends impulses to other nerve cells/ muscles/ glands

Front 8

Mylean Sheath

Back 8

fatty tissue, covers many axons, helps speed neural impulses

Front 9

Action potential

Back 9

neural impulse, generated by movement of positively charged atoms

Front 10

Threshold

Back 10

tipping point

Front 11

Synapse

Back 11

area between axon tip and dendrite

Front 12

Neurotransmitters

Back 12

chemicals released into synapse

Front 13

Reuptake

Back 13

adsorption of excess neurotransmitters

Front 14

Endorphins

Back 14

natural neurotransmitters, end pain

Front 15

Nervous system

Back 15

electrochemical communication system, all nerve cells

Front 16

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 16

brain and spinal cord

Front 17

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 17

Sensory and motor neurons

Front 18

Nerves

Back 18

bundles of neural axons, part of PNS, connect CNS to PNS

Front 19

Somatic Nervous System

Back 19

division of PNS, voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Front 20

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 20

division of PNS, controls glands and muscles of internal organs, automatic

Front 21

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 21

division of autonomic NS, arouses body, fight or flight

Front 22

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 22

division of autonomic NS, calms body

Front 23

Reflex

Back 23

automatic, inborn response

Front 24

Endocrine System

Back 24

slower chemical communication, glands that secrete hormones into blood stream

Front 25

Hormones

Back 25

chemical messengers, circulate through bloodstream

Front 26

Adrenal Glands

Back 26

produce epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline)

Front 27

Pituitary Gland

Back 27

regulates growth, controls other endocrine glands, "master gland"

Front 28

Lesion

Back 28

destruction of tissue, studying consequences in different regions

Front 29

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 29

electrical waves, measure brain activity

Front 30

PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

Back 30

trace consumption of radioactive glucose, measure brain activity

Front 31

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Back 31

uses magnetic fields to measure brain structure

Front 32

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Back 32

compare to look at blood flow and brain structure and function

Front 33

Brainstem

Back 33

oldest, innermost, extension of spinal cord, central core of brain, direct automatic survival functions

Front 34

Medulla

Back 34

in brainstem, controls breathing and heartbeat

Front 35

reticular formation

Back 35

nerve network, controls arousal, part of brainstem

Front 36

Thalamus

Back 36

atop brainstem, routes incoming messages

Front 37

Cerebellum

Back 37

processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance

Front 38

Limbic System

Back 38

neural system, associated with emotions (fear/ aggression), basic psychological drives

Front 39

Amygdala

Back 39

part of limbic system, influences emotions of fear and aggression

Front 40

Hypothalamus

Back 40

regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, and sexual behavior, helps govern endocrine system

Front 41

Cerebral cortex

Back 41

thin covering of neural cells atop the cerebral hemispheres, responsible for complex functions, bark of the brain

Front 42

Glial Cells

Back 42

Guide neural connections, provide nutrients and insulating myelin, help remove excess ions and neurotransmitters

Front 43

Frontal Lobes

Back 43

front of brain, behind forehead, speaking and muscle movements, making plans and judgement

Front 44

Parietal Lobes

Back 44

between frontal and parietal lobes, contain sensory cortex

Front 45

occipital lobes

Back 45

back and base of brain, visual cortex, receive info from eyes

Front 46

Temporal Lobes

Back 46

sides of brain, auditory cortex, receive info from ears

Front 47

Motor Cortex

Back 47

back of frontal lobe, controls voluntary movement

Front 48

Sensory cortex

Back 48

Front of parietal lobe, registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Front 49

Association Areas

Back 49

throughout cortex, higher mental functions, learning, remembering, abstract thinking

Front 50

Plasticity

Back 50

capacity for modification, reorganization following damage

Front 51

Neurogenesis

Back 51

formation of new neurons

Front 52

Corpus Callosum

Back 52

large band of neural fibers, links right and left brain

Front 53

Split brain

Back 53

Corpus Callosum is cut or severed, a split brain