Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Latex Allergy
|
-allergic reaction to substances in
natural latex -rubber gloves are main source -repeated exposure is thought to induce symptoms -affects 5-10% of health care workers |
|
|
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
|
-least threatening
-non-allergic skin reaction -results from repeated exposure to chemicals in latex gloves -symptoms: dryness, itching, burning, scaling, and lesions of the skin |
|
|
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
|
-delayed reaction to additives used in
latex processing -symptoms: same as irritant contact dermatitis -reaction is more severe, spreads to more parts of the body, and lasts longer than irritant contact dermatitis |
|
|
Immediate Allergic Reaction (Latex Hypersensitivity)
|
-most serious
-can show up as rhinitis w/ hay fever-like symptoms, conjunctivitis (pink eye), cramps, hives, and severe itching -rare, but symptoms may progress to include: rapid heartbeat, tremors, chest pain, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, anaphylactic shock, or death |
|
|
Shock
|
-failure of the circulatory system to
support vital body functions -pain, stress, and anxiety can contribute to development of shock -signs and symptoms: restlessness, apprehension or general anxiety, tachycardia, decreasing BP, cold and clammy skin, and pallor -4 types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, and vasogenic |
|
|
Hypovolemic
|
-caused by loss of blood or tissue
fluid, hemorrhage, plasma loss, or drugs |
|
|
Cardiogenic
|
-caused by a variety of cardiac
disorders, including myocardial infarction |
|
|
Neurogenic
|
-caused by spinal anesthesia or
vdamage to the upper spinal cord |
|
|
Vasogenic
|
-caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia,
or anaphylaxis |
|
|
Anaphylactic Shock
|
-can occur as reaction to contrast
media -most common form of shock we'll encounter -reaction typically arises within 5 mins -mild reactions are similar to other allergic reactions: localized itching and urticaria and possibly nausea and vomiting -generalized itching and hives are indicative of a systemic reaction, which is more serious than mild -most serious reactions might include: laryngeal edema, shock, and cardiac arrest |
|
|
Hypoglycemia
|
-excessive insulin is present
-pt presents to be: intensely hungry, weak, shaky, may sweat profusely, and may become confused and irritable -pt needs a quick form of carbohydrate; some pts carry glucose tablets w/ them |
|
|
Hyperglycemia
|
-excessive sugar in the blood
-typically associated w/ diabetes -pt exhibits: excessive thirst and urination, dry mucosa, rapid and deep breathing, drowsiness and confusion -pt needs insulin |
|
|
Ketoacidosis
|
-can be caused by not taking enough
insulin, having a severe infection or other illness, becoming severely dehydrated, or some combination of these factors -symptoms: flushed, hot, dry skin; blurred vision; feeling thirsty; drowsiness or difficulty waking up, children may lack interest in their normal activities; rapid, deep breathing; strong, fruity breath odor; loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and vomiting; confusion -treatment: administering insulin and fluids intravenously and closely monitoring certain chemicals in the blood (electrolytes) -can take several days for blood sugar level and fluid status to return to a safe range |
|
|
Diabetic Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
|
-complication of type II diabetes
-condition of extremely high blood sugar (glucose) levels w/o the presence of ketones, dehydration, and decreased consciousness -symptoms: coma; confusion; convulsions; increased thirst; increased urination; lethargy; nausea; weakness -treatment: correct dehydration (which will improve blood pressure, urine output, and circulation); administer fluids and potassium intravenously; high glucose levels are treated w/ intravenous insulin |
|
|
Cardiac Arrest
|
-sudden stoppage of cardiac output
-leads to permanent organ damage or death if not treated -symptoms: crushing chest pain; pain may also radiate down the left arm |
|
|
Cerebrovascular Accident
|
-CVA, stroke, or brain attack
- warning signs: paralysis on one or both sides; slurred speech or complete loss of speech; extreme dizziness; loss of vision (can be in only one eye); complete loss of consciousness |
|
|
Nonconvulsive (Petit Mal) Seizures
|
-staring spell
-most commonly called an "absence seizure" -brief (usually less than 15 sec) disturbance of brain function due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain |
|
|
Convulsive (Grand Mal) Seizures
|
-aka: tonic-clonic seizure
-loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions |
|
|
Tonic Phase of Grand Mal Seizures
|
-loss of consciousness
-muscles suddenly contract and cause the person to fall down -tends to last about 10-20 secs. |
|
|
Clonic Phase of Grand Mal Seizures
|
-muscles go into rhythmic
contractions, alternately flexing and relaxing -convulsions usually last for less than 2 mins |
|
|
4 Levels of Consciousness
|
-alert and conscious (least severe)
-drowsy (responds to loud talking or gentle stimuli) -unconscious but responds to painful stimuli -comatose (most severe) |
|
|
Signs of Deteriorating Head Injury
|
-irritability
-lethargy -slowing pulse rate -slowing respiratory rate |
|
|
4 Types of Fractures
|
-closed
-open -nondisplaced -displaced |
|
|
Compression Fracture
|
-generally occurs after a fall where the
vertebral column is compressed and then, under the extreme pressure, cracks or breaks -aka: impact fracture |
|
|
Open or Compound Fracture
|
-broken bone protrudes to exterior of
body -high risk of infection to internal tissues |
|
|
Simple Fracture
|
-only bone damage
-little or no soft tissue damage |
|
|
Greenstick Fracture
|
-incomplete fracture; only one side of
the bone is broken -bone is usually "bent" -mostly seen in children -considered a stable fracture |
|
|
Transverse Fracture
|
-broken across transverse portion of
the bone (at right angle to long portion) -most commonly caused by direct traumatic injuries |
|
|
Spiral or Oblique Fractures
|
-due to a twisting type motion
-highly unstable |
|
|
Comminuted
|
-more than 2 fragments of bone which
have broken off -highly unstable |
|
|
Impacted
|
-ends of broken bones are wedged
together |
|
|
Splints and Casts
|
-support and protect injured bones and
soft tissue -reduce pain -reduce swelling -reduce muscles spasms |
|
|
Symptoms of Wounds
|
-pain or tenderness
-swelling -bleeding -heat to the area -possible fever (w/ infection) -loss of function -foul smell (infected wounds only) |
