Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
histone
|
a small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in its chromatin structure
|
|
|
nucleosome
|
the basic beadlie unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a protein core composed of 2 copies of each of 4 types of histone
|
|
|
heterochromatin
|
nontranscribed eukaryotic chromatin that is so highly compacted that it is visible with a light microscope during interphase
|
|
|
euchromatin
|
the more open, unraved form of eukaroytic chromatin that is available for transcription
|
|
|
repetitive DNA
|
nucleotide sequences usually noncoding that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome. the repeated present in may be short and arranged tandemly (in series) or long and dispersed in the genome
|
|
|
satellite DNA
|
original name for repetive DNA isolated by cutting genomic DNA before centrifuging
|
|
|
Alu elements
|
a family of similar sequences about 300 nucleotides long
|
|
|
multigene factor
|
a collection of identical or very similar genes
|
|
|
pseudogenes
|
DNA segments very similar to real genes but which do not yield functional products
|
|
|
gene amplification
|
the selective synthesis of DNA which results in multiple copies of a single gene thereby enhancing expression
|
|
|
retransposons
|
transposable elements that move with in a genome by means of a RNA intermediate, a transcript of the retransposonon DNA
|
|
|
immunoglobulions
|
1 of the class of proteins comprising antibodies
|
|
|
cellular differentiation
|
the structural and functional divergence of cells as tehy become specialized during a multicellular org's development; dependent on the control of gene expression
|
|
|
DNA methylation
|
the addition of methyl groups (-CH3) to bases of DNA after DNA synthesis; may serve as long term control of gene expression
|
|
|
histone acetylation
|
the attchment of acetyl groups to certain amino acids of histone proteins
|
|
|
genomic imprinting
|
th parental effect on gene expression whereby identical alleles have different effects on offspring depending on whether they arrive in the zygote via the ovum or the sperm
|
|
|
control elements
|
segments of noncoding DNA that help regulate transcription of a gene by binding proteins calle dtranscription factors
|
|
|
enhancers
|
DNA sequence that recognizes certain transcription factors that can stimulate transcription of nereby genes
|
|
|
activator
|
a transcription factor that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription of a gene
|
|
|
DNA binding domain
|
a part of the 3 dimensional structure of a transcription factor that binds to DNA
|
|
|
alternative RNA splicing
|
type of regulation at RNA processing level where different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcrip depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons or introns
|
|
|
proteasomes
|
griant protein complex that recognizes and destorys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
|
|
|
oncogenes
|
a gene found in viruses or as part of a normal genome that is involved in triggering cancerous characteristics
|
|
|
proto oncogenes
|
a normal cellular gene corresponding to an onocogene; gene with a potential to cause cancer but requires some alternation to become oncogene
|
|
|
tumor suppressor gene
|
gene whose protein proudcts inhibit cell divions there by preventing uncontrolled cell growth (cancer)
|
|
|
ras gene
|
gene codes for ras protein, a G protein that relays growth signals from a growth factor receptor on the plasma membrane to a cascade of protein kinases that results in stimulation of cell cycle; most have point mutation that leads to hyperacterive version of Ras protein that results in excessive cell division
|
|
|
p53 gene
|
guardian angel of genome that is expressed when cell's DNA is damaged, product functions as transcription factor for several genes
|
