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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A transcription factor that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription of a gene.
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activator
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A type of regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns.
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alternative RNA splicing
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Segments of noncoding DNA that help regulate transcription of a gene by binding proteins called transcription factors.
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control elements
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See cellular differentiation.
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differentiation
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The addition of methyl groups (—CH3) to bases of DNA after DNA synthesis; may serve as a long-term control of gene expression.
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DNA methylation
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A part of the three-dimensional structure of a transcription factor that binds to DNA.
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DNA-binding domain
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A DNA sequence that recognizes certain transcription factors that can stimulate transcription of nearby genes.
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enhancer
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The more open, unraveled form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription.
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euchromatin
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The selective synthesis of DNA, which results in multiple copies of a single gene, thereby enhancing expression.
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gene amplification
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The parental effect on gene expression whereby identical alleles have different effects on offspring, depending on whether they arrive in the zygote via the ovum or via the sperm.
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genomic imprinting
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Nontranscribed eukaryotic chromatin that is so highly compacted that it is visible with a light microscope during interphase.
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heterochromatin
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The attachment of acetyl groups to certain amino acids of histone proteins.
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histone acetylation
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One of the class of proteins comprising the antibodies.
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immunoglobulin (Ig)
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A collection of genes with similar or identical sequences, presumably of common origin.
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multigene family
A collection of genes with similar or identical sequences, presumably of common origin. |
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The basic, beadlike unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a protein core composed of two copies of each of four types of histone.
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nucleosome
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A gene found in viruses or as part of the normal genome that is involved in triggering cancerous characteristics.
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oncogene
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The "guardian angel of the genome," p53 is expressed when a cell's DNA is damaged. Its product, p53 protein, functions as a transcription factor for several genes.
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p53 gene
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A giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin.
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proteasome
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A normal cellular gene corresponding to an oncogene; a gene with a potential to cause cancer but which requires some alteration to become an oncogene.
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proto-oncogene
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DNA segments very similar to real genes but which do not yield functional products.
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pseudogenes
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This gene codes for Ras protein, a G protein that relays a growth signal from a growth-factor receptor on the plasma membrane to a cascade of protein kinases that ultimately results in the stimulation of the cell cycle. Many ras oncogenes have a point mutation that leads to a hyperactive version of the Ras protein that can lead to excessive cell division.
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ras gene
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Nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome. The repeated units may be short and arranged tandemly (in series) or long and dispersed in the genome.
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repetitive DNA
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Transposable elements that move within a genome by means of an RNA intermediate, a transcript of the retrotransposon DNA.
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retrotransposons
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A gene whose protein products inhibit cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth (cancer).
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tumor-suppressor gene
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