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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do the bones of the orbit do & what do they consist of? |
support & protect the eyes. frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxilla, zygomatic, sphenoid, & palatine |
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What two ways are orbital fractures classified as? |
Floor fractures or orbital blowouts (involves one or more of the numerous bones of the orbit) |
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how do orbital fractures occur? |
auto accidents, fights, falls |
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What are the characteristics of orbital fractures? |
diplopia (double vision) enophthalmos (sagging of the eye) |
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what are the preoperative diagnostic tests for orbital floor fracture? |
CT scans & Xrays |
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what are the equipment, instruments and supplies for orbital floor fracture & LeFort fractures? |
internal fixation system, retractors or teflon-coated malleable brain spatula (pre-moistened), corneal shield, implant material of choice (teflon or silastic sheeting)
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what are the practical considerations of orbital floor fractures? |
notify radiology if intraoperative x-rays needed, implanted items must be recorded in pt chart
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what type of implant material is used if the reduction is stable orbital floor fractures? |
silastic sheeting may be inserted over the fracture site to prevent entrapment of the contents in the fracture and support the globe. |
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what type of implant material is used if the reduction is not stable orbital floor fractures? |
a rigid fixation device may be implanted, followed by the insertion of silastic sheeting |
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in the 1900's who categorized midfacial fractures into three basic classifications? |
Rene LeFort |
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Lefort I |
also called transverse maxillary, it is the most common. the alveloar process of the maxilla is horizontally separated from the base of the skull. The upper jaw may be floating free in the oral cavity. |
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Lefort II |
also called pyramidal maxillary fracture. may be triangular or shaped like a pyramid. vertical fracture line extends upward to the nasal & ethmoid bones, can be unilateral or bilateral |
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Lefort III |
also called craniofacial disjunction fracture located high in the midface, extends transversley from the zygomatic arch, through the orbits and to the base of the nose. can be unilaterally, bilateral, alone or in conjunction with other facial fractures. |
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what is the rate of Le Fort fractures? |
53% in auto accidents, 39% blunt trauma, & 8% gunshot injuries |
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how often is other facial fractures occur with LeFort fractures? |
75% |
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how are LeFort fractures diagnosed? |
through Xrays CT and Physical examination |
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What is the evidence that shows LeFort fractures occurred? |
malocclusion, moveable alveolar processes, flattened facial features |
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what can hide the characteristics of a fracture? |
edema |
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why are xrays, pretrauma dental records & photographs useful for reconstruction? |
assist in determining proper placement of fracture facial bones |
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What are the practical considerations of LeFort fractures? |
notify radiology for intraoperative xrays, implants must be recorded in pt chart, dental impressions may be made before incision, several procedures may be done, tracheotomy & arch bar application |
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LeFort II & III fractures are referred to what type of fracture and why? |
panfacial, due to the extensive injuries to the eye, nose, and skull. it can require specialist in each area |
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what are the complications of LeFort fractures? |
hemorrhage, postop SI, malocclusion, exact visual identity may not be restored, scars may be visible. |
