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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Inferior courts

Lower federal courts

Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to hear a case

Exclusive jurisdiction

Cases that can be heard only in the federal courts

Concurrent jurisdiction

Federal and state courts share the power to hear a case

Plaintiff

Person who files suit

Defendant

The person whom the complaint is against

Original jurisdiction

A court in which a case is first heard

Appellate jurisdiction

A court that hears a case on appeal from a lower court

Criminal case

One in which a defendant is tried for committing some action that Congress has declared by law to be a federal crime

Civil case

A case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement

Docket

A court's list of cases to be heard

Writ of certiorari

An order by the court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for its review

Certificate

A method of putting a case before the Supreme Court; used when a lower court is nit clear about a procedure or rule of law that should apply in a case and asks the Supreme Court to certify the answer to a specific question

Majority opinion

The Court's opinion

Precedents

The majority opinions; or examples to be allowed in similar cases as they arise in the lower courts or reach the Supreme Court

Concurring opinion

To add or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority opinion

Dissenting opinions

Often written by justices who do not agree with the Court's majority decision

Redress

Satisfaction of a claim, payment

Courts-marital

Military courts

Civilian tribunal

A court operating as part of the judicial branch, entirely separate from the military establishment