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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Cluster of functionally related genes can be coordinately controlled by ________, usually positioned within promoter

Operator

Entire stetch of DNA that includes operator, promoter, and genes they control

Operon

The operson can be switched off by a protein __________ which prevents gene transcription

Repressor

What turns operons off?

Tryptophan/Corepressors

Molecule called ________ inactivates the repressors to turn the lac operon on?

Inducer

a unit made up of linked genes that is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis.

Operon

when glucose is scarce, CAP is activated bybinding with?

cAMP

the expression of different genes by cells with the same genome

Differential gene expression

acetyl groups are attached topositively charged lysines in histone tails

histone acetylation

the addition of methyl groups to certain bases in DNA, is associated with reduced transcription in some species

DNA methlyation

the inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence

epigeneticinheritance

small single-stranded RNA molecules that can bind to mRNA

MicroRNAs

the blocking of gene expression bysiRNAs is called

RNAi

processby which cells become specialized in structure and function

celldifferentiation

physical processes that give an organism its shape constitute

morphogenesis

maternal substances in the egg that influence early development

cytoplasmic determinants

signal molecules from embryonic cells cause transcriptional changes in nearby target cells

Induction

irreversibly commits a cell to its final fate

Determination

development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs

pattern formation

the molecular cues that control pattern formation

positional information

______ control pattern formation in late embryo,larva, and adult stages

homeoticgenes

mutations that cause death during embryogenesis

embryoniclethals

cancer-causing genes in some types of viruses

oncogenes

repairdamaged DNA


controlcell adhesion


actin cell-signaling pathways that inhibit thecell cycle

tumor-suppressor proteins