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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cluster of functionally related genes can be coordinately controlled by ________, usually positioned within promoter |
Operator |
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Entire stetch of DNA that includes operator, promoter, and genes they control |
Operon |
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The operson can be switched off by a protein __________ which prevents gene transcription |
Repressor |
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What turns operons off? |
Tryptophan/Corepressors |
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Molecule called ________ inactivates the repressors to turn the lac operon on? |
Inducer |
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a unit made up of linked genes that is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis. |
Operon |
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when glucose is scarce, CAP is activated bybinding with? |
cAMP |
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the expression of different genes by cells with the same genome |
Differential gene expression |
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acetyl groups are attached topositively charged lysines in histone tails |
histone acetylation |
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the addition of methyl groups to certain bases in DNA, is associated with reduced transcription in some species |
DNA methlyation |
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the inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence |
epigeneticinheritance |
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small single-stranded RNA molecules that can bind to mRNA |
MicroRNAs |
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the blocking of gene expression bysiRNAs is called |
RNAi |
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processby which cells become specialized in structure and function |
celldifferentiation |
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physical processes that give an organism its shape constitute |
morphogenesis |
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maternal substances in the egg that influence early development |
cytoplasmic determinants |
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signal molecules from embryonic cells cause transcriptional changes in nearby target cells |
Induction |
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irreversibly commits a cell to its final fate |
Determination |
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development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs |
pattern formation |
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the molecular cues that control pattern formation |
positional information |
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______ control pattern formation in late embryo,larva, and adult stages |
homeoticgenes |
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mutations that cause death during embryogenesis |
embryoniclethals |
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cancer-causing genes in some types of viruses |
oncogenes |
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repairdamaged DNA controlcell adhesion actin cell-signaling pathways that inhibit thecell cycle |
tumor-suppressor proteins |