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194 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accomodation
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normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.
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Choroid
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middle, vascular layer of they eye, between the retina && the sclera.
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Ciliary Body
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structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid && iris
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Cones |
photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse.
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Conjunctiva |
delicate membrane lining the eyelids && covering the eyeball.
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Cornea |
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
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Fovea Centralis |
tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest version.
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Iris |
pigmented layer that opens && closes to allow more or less light into the eye.
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lens |
transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.
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macula |
yellowish region on the retina lateral to && slightly below the optic disc.
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optic disc |
region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. |
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optic nerve
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cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain. |
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pupil
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central opening of the eye surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. |
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refraction |
bending of lights rays by the cornea, lens, && fluids of the eye to bring rays into focus on the retina. |
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retina
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light- sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells.
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rods |
photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vison in low light && for peripheral vision.
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sclera |
tough, white outer coat of the eyeball. |
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ambly/o
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dull, dim |
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aque/o
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water |
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blephar/o
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eyelid |
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conjunctiv/o
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conjunctiva |
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cor/o
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pupil |
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corne/o
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cornea |
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cycl/o
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ciliary body/ muscle of the eye |
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dacry/o
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tears, tear ducts |
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dip/o
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double |
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glauc/o
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gray |
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ir/o |
iris
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irid/o |
iris
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kerat/o |
cornea |
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lacrim/o
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tears |
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mi/o
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smaller, less |
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mydr/o
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widen, enlarge |
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nyct/o
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night
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ocu/o
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eye
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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opt/o
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eye/ vision
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optic/o
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eye/ vision
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palpebr/o
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eyelid
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papill/o
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optic disk
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phac/o, phak/o |
lens of the eye
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phot/o
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light
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presby/o
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old age
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pupill/o
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pupil
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retin/o
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retina
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scler/o
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sclera
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scot/o
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darkness
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uve/o
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uvea
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vitre/o
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glassy
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xer/o
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dry
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-opia, -opsia |
vision
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-tropia
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to turn
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IOP
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intraocular pressure
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PERRIA
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pupils equal round, reactive to light && accommodation
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HEENT
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head, eyes, ears, nose, && throat
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AOM
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acute otitis media
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EENT
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eyes, ears, nose, && throat
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ENT
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ears, nose, && throat
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OM
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otitis media
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-cusis, -acusis
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hearing
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-meter
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instrument to measure
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-otia
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ear condition
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acous/o, audit/o
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hearing
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audi/o
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hearing, sensation of hearing
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aur/o, auricul/o
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ear
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cochle/o
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cochlea
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mastoid/o
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mastoid process
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myring/o, tympan/o
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eardrum, tympanic membrane
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ot/o
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ear
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salping/o
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Eustachian tube, auditory tube
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staped/o
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stapes
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astigmatism
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defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
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cataract
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clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
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diabetic retinopathy
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retinal effect of diabetes mellitus
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enucleation
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removal of the entire eyeball
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esotropia
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inward turning of the eye
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exotropia
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outward turning of the eye
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glaucoma
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increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina && optic nerve with loss of vision.
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hordeclum
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localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid.
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hyperopia/hypermetropia
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farsightedness
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keratoplasty
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surgical repair of the cornea
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lasik
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use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction
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macular degeneration
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progressive damage to the macula of the retina
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myopia
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nearsightedness
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nystagmus
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repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
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opthalmoscopy
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visual examination of the anterior of the eye
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phacoemulsification
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ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then appirated through the us probe
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presbyopia
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impairment of vision as a result of old age
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Snellen chart
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distance vision test
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strabismus
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abnormal deviation of the eye
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tonometry
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measures intraocular pressure of detect glaucoma
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auditory canal |
channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
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auditory meatus
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auditory canal
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auditory nerve fibers
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carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain
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auditory tube
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channel between the ear && the nasopharynx
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auricle
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flap of the ear
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cerumen
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waxy substance secreted by the external ear (earwax)
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cochlea
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snail shell-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear
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incus
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second ossicle of the middle ear
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labyrinth
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maze-like series of canals of the inner ear.
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malleus
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1st ossicle of the middle ear
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ossicle
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small bone of the ear
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semicircular canal
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passage in the inner ear associated with maintaing equilibrium
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stapes
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3rd ossicle of the middle ear
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tympanic membrane
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membrane between the outer && the middle ear
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vestibule
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central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals && the cochlea
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acoustic neuroma
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benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve in the brain
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audiogram
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chart
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audiometer
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electrical device that delivers acoustic stimuli of specific frequencies to determine a patients hearing loss of each frequency
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audiometry
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testing the sense of hearing
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cholesteatoma
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collection of skin cells && cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear
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cochlear implant
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device that allows sensorineural hearing-Impaired persons to understand speech.
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deafness
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loss of the ability to hear
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Meniere disease
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disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear
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otitis media
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inflammation of the middle ear
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otoscopy
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visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
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serous otitis media
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non-infectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid
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suppurative otitis media
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bacteria invade the middle ear, pus formation occurs
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tirrnitus
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sensation of noises in the ears
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vertigo
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sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
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Function of glands
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increase hormones |
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aden/o |
gland
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adren/o adrenal/o |
adrenal gland
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andr/o
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male
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calc/o calci/o |
calcium |
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crin/o
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secrete
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dips/o
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thirst
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estr/o
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female
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gluc/o glyc/o |
sugar
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gonad/o
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sex glands (ovaries && testes)
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home/o
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sameness
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hormon/o
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hormone
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insulin/o
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insulin
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kal/i
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potassium
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lact/o |
milk
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myx/o
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mucus
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natr/o
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sodium
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid gland
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phys/o
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growing
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pituitary/o
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pituitary gland; hypophysis |
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somat/o
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body
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ster/o
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solid structure
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thry/o thyroid/o |
thyroid gland
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toc/o
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childbirth
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toxic/o
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poison
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ur/o
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urine
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eu-
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good, normal
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hyper-
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excessive, above
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oxy-
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rapid, sharp, acid
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pan-
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all
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tetra-
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four
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tri-
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three
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-agon
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assemble, gather together
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hypo-
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deficient; below; under
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-in -ine |
substance
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-tropin
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stimulating the function of
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-uria
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urine condition
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-emia
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blood condition
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-ism
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process condition
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DI
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diabetes insipidus
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DM |
Diabetes mellitus
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FBS |
fasting blood sugar |
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Pancreas |
Located behind the stomach |
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Parathyroid gland |
4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland |
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Pituitary gland |
Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica |
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Steroid |
Complex substance related to fats, && of which many hormones are made. |
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Testes |
2 glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male |
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Thyroid gland |
Located in the neck on either side of the trachea |
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Acromegaly |
Hyper secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to an enlargement of extremities. |
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Cretinism |
Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy && childhood leads to a lack of normal physical && mental growth |
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Diabetes insipidus |
Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) |
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Diabetes mellitus |
Lack of insulin secretion/resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, && fat metabolism in cells. |
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GTT |
glucose tolerance testing |
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Dwarfism |
Congenital hypo secretion of growth hormone |
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Exophthalmometry |
Measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer |
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Exophthalmus |
Protrusion of the eyeball, or proptosis |
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Gigantism |
Hyper secretion of growth hormones from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal over growth of body tissue |
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Goiter |
Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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Hirsutism |
Excessive hair on the face or body? |
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Hyperinsulinism |
Excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia |
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Hyperparathyroidism |
Excessive production of parathormone |
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Hyperthyroidism |
Overactivity of the thyroid gland |
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Hypoparathyroidism |
Deficient production of parathyroid hormone |
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K+ |
Potassium |
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Hypothyroidism |
Under activity of the thyroid gland |
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Tetany |
Constant muscle contraction |
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Na+ |
Sodium |
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Adrenal gland |
2 small glands, one on top of each kidney |
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Electrolyte |
Mineral salt found in the blood && tissues && necessary for proper functioning of cells |
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Homeostasis |
Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
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Hormone |
Chemical secreted by an endocrine gland. |
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Insulin |
Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas |
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Ovaries |
Located in the abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production && estrogen && progesterone secretion |
