• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/23

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Name the types of partial seizures
1. Simple
2. Complex
3. Secondarily generalized
What are the types of simple seizures?
With motor symptoms
a. without jacksonian march
b. with jacksonian march
c. adversive seizure
With special sensory or somatosensory symptoms
What is jacksonian march?
jacksonian seizure - the seizure activity spreads in an orderly fashion to adjacent areas
In simple seizures, where does the seizure activity take place?
- with motor symptoms (with or without jacksonian march) in the primary motor area
- in adversive seizure, in the frontal lobe anterior to the primary motor area
- with special sensory or somatosensory symptoms (focal sensory seizure), in the sensory cortex or postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe) with involvement of the primary motor area
Where do complex seizures take place?
temporal lobe and its connections; frontal lobes
Seizures may be precipitated by __glycemia, lack of sleep, __ventilation (respiratory alkalosis)
Hypoglycemia, hyperventilation
State of muscle contraction in which there's excessive muscle tone
Tonic phase
Name of a band
State of muscle contraction in which there's excessive muscle tone
Tonic phase
Name of a band
State of alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles
Clonic phase
Parkinson disease is a commonly occurring degenerative disorder of the __ __ (corpus striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra).
basal ganglia
Parkinson disease is a disorder which effects the __ nigrostriatal pathway.
dopaminergic
The onset of PD occurs after __ years of age, with mean onset of __ years of age.
40
60
__ incidence occurs in both sexes.
Equal
The hallmark pathologic features of Parkinson Disease are loss of ___ pigmented neurons in the __ __ pars compacta with __ deficiency.
dopaminergic
substantia nigra
dopaminergic
With PD, dopamine loss in other brain areas includes the __, __, and __.
brainstem
thalamus
cortex
Which motor pathway normally facilitates movement?
direct motor pathway
Which motor pathway normally inhibits movement?
indirect motor pathway
Degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway to the basal results in underactivity of the __ motor pathway, and overactivity of the __ motor loop. This results in inhibition of the __ cortex manifested with __ and __.
direct
indirect
motor
bradykinesia
rigidity
Molecular events thought to be associated with PD include __ dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal folding and accumulation of alpha-synuclein, abnormal phosphorylation, and dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteosome system.
mitochondrial
The classic motor manifestations of PD are __kinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, __akinesia (poverty of movement), and postural abnormalities. A modified __ and __ scale can be used to assess progression of symptoms.
bradykinesia
hypokinesia
Hoehn and Yahr scale
- 0 - no visible disease
- 5 - bilateral involvement; can't walk, wheelchair, cachexia
- This type of rigidity is constant throughout the entire range of motion and is felt as lead-pipe resistance during passive movement.
- This type of rigidity, brief palpable jerks, is accompanied by tremor
Plastic
Cogwheel
This type of bradykinesia is poverty of associated and voluntary movements. It is the most prevalent and crippling symptom and often is overlooked in the early stages.
Parkinsonian
__ is a separate phenomenon from rigidity.
Bradykinesia