Ch 15 Digestive System And Nutrition

Front 1

What is irrated by gastric juices during heartburn

Back 1

•eaphogus

•gastric juices back up past the sphincter

Front 2

Where does peristalsis occur

Back 2

Mouth to anus

Front 3

Peristalsis

Back 3

Propels food through canal

Front 4

Major function of large intestine

Back 4

•Forms and stores feces

•contains bacteria which synthesize vitamins and consume cellulose

•absorbs H2o and electrolyte from the chyme

Front 5

Location of cecum

Back 5

Pouch at the beginning of large intestine

Front 6

4 regions of the stomach

Back 6

•cardiac- closest to esophagus

•fundic- ballooned portion above cardiac

•body- main region

• pyloric- inferior region leading to pyloric canal and sphincter

Front 7

What causes CCK to be released

Back 7

Released from intestinal wall when fats and proteins enter small intestine

•stimulates pancreas to release enzymes->gallbladder to release bile into duodenum to begin the process of digestion in sm intestine

Front 8

Proper order of alimentary canal

Back 8

•inner mucosa

•submucosa

•muscular layer

•outer serosa

Front 9

Proper order which food passes

Back 9

•duodenum

•jejunum

•ileum

Front 10

What causes gastric ulcers

Back 10

•Helicobacterpylori (bacterium)

•Stress

Front 11

Jaundice

Back 11

•yellowing of skin and mucous menbranes

•due to accumulation of bile pigment

Front 12

Gallstones made of

Back 12

Cholesterol

Front 13

Pyloric sphincter

Back 13

•stays closed until chyme is secreted then cck is released

•Round muscle that regulates the movement of chyme between the stomach and small intestine

Front 14

Lactose intolerance

Back 14

Missing lactase

Front 15

Acute pancreatitis

Back 15

When pancreatic enzymes become active before they are secreted, and digest part of pancreas

(Alcoholism, gallstones, certain infections,traumatic injuries, and inherited lipose deficiency or side effects of some drugs can cause pancreatitis)

Front 16

Hepatitis B

Back 16

•transmitted through bodily fluids

•Spreads by contact with virus-containg body fluids, such as blood, salvia, or semen

•it may be transmitted by blood transfusions, hypodermic needles or sexual activity

Front 17

Kupffer cells

Back 17

•in the liver, phagocytosis happens in cells

Found in the hepatic sinusoidal and carry on phagocytosis in the liver

Front 18

Emulsification

Back 18

Bile salts, emulsifactio of digestive fats

•Breakdown of fat globular in the duodenum into tiny droplets, which provides a longer surface area on which the enzyme pancreatic purpose can act to digest fat into fatty acids and glycerol

(Assisted by the action of bile salt)

Front 19

Bile

Back 19

•only bile salt have digestive function

•pigments are breakdown products from red blood cells

•Water •bile salt •bile pigment •cholesterol

•electrolytes

Front 20

Function of the liver

Back 20

•secrete bile to emulsify lipids

•metabolic activities

•stores glycogen, vitamin A, D, B12, iron and blood

•converts glucose into glycogen

•filters blood

•only the bile salts have digestive function

Emulsification of digestive fat

Front 21

Mesentery AKA greater omentum

Back 21

•holds in place, provides blood supply to sm & if intestine

•Double-layered fold of peritoneum

•the small intestine is suspended and supported from the posterior adomanal wall by mesentery

Front 22

ileocecal sphincter valve

Back 22

•Where the small intestine joins the large intestine

•valve remains closed unless gastroileal reflex is elicited after a meal.

Front 23

Hemorrhoids

Back 23

•enlarged branches of retail veins

•Found in anal columns

Front 24

Can fat molecules with long hair atoms get into lymp system

Back 24

No, bile can break hair down

Front 25

What's in feces

Back 25

Undigested material, water, electrolytes, mucus, and bacteria

Front 26

Secretin hormone

Back 26

•neutralizes acids

•Released when acid chyme enters the duodenum and nutrilize

•regulates secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver

•regulates water throughout the body for homeostasis

•is a peptide hormone produced in cells of duodenum, located in intestinal glands

Front 27

Pancreatic enzymes digest protein

Back 27

•Trypsin •chymotrypsin •carbonxypeptidase

•inactive until reaching small intestine

•enzymes secreted by mucosa in sm intestine activate these enzymes

Front 28

Pancreatic amylase

Back 28

Pancreatic enzymes digest starches

Front 29

Pancreatic lipase

Back 29

Pancreatic enzymes digest fats

Front 30

Nucleases

Back 30

Breakdown nucleic acids

Front 31

B12

Back 31

•Intrinsic factor in glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells of gastric mucosa

•Needed to create new cells

•role of absorption of (cobalamin) B12 in intestine

Failure to produce or utilize intrinsic factor result in pernicious anemia

•helps make DNA

Front 32

Vitamin stored in fat that is toxic

Back 32

Vitamin A

Front 33

Function of bile salts

Back 33

emulsify fats into smaller droplets that aide in absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins

Front 34

Small intestine functions

Back 34

•Receive secretion from pancreas and liver

•complete digestion of the nutrients in chyme

•absorbs product of digestion

•transports remaining to lg intestine

Front 35

Nutrients come from

Back 35

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

Front 36

Essential nutrients

Back 36

Those that cannot be sythnsized by human cells

Front 37

Monosaccharides absorbed in small intestine

Back 37

(Fructose, Galactose)(liver converts into glucose)

Glucose

Front 38

Fat-soluble vitamins

Back 38

A,D,E,K

stored in moderate quanties in body(can lead to OD) usually not destroyed by cooking

Front 39

Water-soluable vitamins

Back 39

B,C

necessary for normal cellular metabolism, cooking distroy some

Not stored in body

Front 40

Common bile duct connected to gallbladder

Back 40

cystic duct

Front 41

Main part of the stomach

Back 41

Body

Front 42

How offten epithelial cells replace

Back 42

Every few days

Front 43

Enzyme hidden in membrane of villi

Back 43

Pepsin