Ch 15 Blood Flow Control

Front 1

Homeostatic regulation

Back 1

aimed at maintaining adequate blood flow to the brain and heart

Front 2

total blood flow

Back 2

at any level of the circulation is equal to the cardiac output

Front 3

heart pumps approximately

Back 3

7,000 liter of blood / day

Front 4

average heart size

Back 4

14cm long and 9 cm wide

Front 5

blood vessels

Back 5

are composed of layers of smooth muscle, elastic and fibrous connective tissue, and entothelium.

Front 6

vascular smooth muscle

Back 6

maintains a state of muscle tone

Front 7

walls of aorta and major arteries

Back 7

are both stiff and springy. This allows them to absorb energy and release it through elastic recoil

Front 8

metarterioles

Back 8

regulate blood flow through capillaries and allow WBC's to go directly from arterioles to the venous circulation

Front 9

capillaries and post capillary venules

Back 9

are the site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

Front 10

veins

Back 10

hold more than half of the blood in the circulatory system

Front 11

veins

Back 11

have thinner walls with less elastic tissue than arteries, so they expand easily when they fill with blood.

Front 12

angiogenesis

Back 12

the process by which new blood vessels grow and develop, especially after birth

Front 13

differences between arterioles and metarterioles

Back 13

arterioles have continuous smooth muscle layer in their wall

Front 14

ventricles

Back 14

create high pressure that is the driving force for blood flow

Front 15

aorta and arteries

Back 15

they act as a pressure reservoir during ventricular relaxation

Front 16

arteries blood pressure

Back 16

blood pressure is highest

Front 17

blood pressure decreases

Back 17

decreases as blood flows through the circulatory system

Front 18

pulse

Back 18

pressure created by the ventricles can be felts as a

Front 19

pulse pressure

Back 19

= SBP - DBP

Front 20

one-way valves, resp and skeletal muscle pumps

Back 20

blood flow agains gravity in the veins is assisted by ____ and by the______& _______

Front 21

arterial blood pressure

Back 21

is indicative of the driving pressure for blood flow. Usually measured with a sphygmomanometer.

Front 22

MAP (mean arterial pressure)

Back 22

it represents the driving pressure for blood flow. DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP).

Front 23

Korotkoff sounds

Back 23

blood squeezing through a compressed brachial artery sound

Front 24

arterial pressure

Back 24

a balance between cardiac output and the resistance to bllod flow offered by the arterioles (peripheral resistance)

Front 25

if blood volume increases or decreases

Back 25

blood pressure increases or decreases

Front 26

venous blood volume

Back 26

can be shifted to the arteries if the arterial blood pressure falls

Front 27

diffusion

Back 27

exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluids

Front 28

About ____ liters of fluid filter out the capillaries each day

Back 28

3 liters

Front 29

The lymphatic system

Back 29

returns the fluid that was filtered by the capillaries to the ciculatory system.

Front 30

lymph capillaries

Back 30

accumulate fluid, interstitial proteins and particulate matter by bulk flow

Front 31

lymph flow

Back 31

depends on smooth muscle intra vessel walls, one-way valves and skeletal muscle pump

Front 32

edema

Back 32

the condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the interstitial space

Front 33

edema

Back 33

can be caused by inadequate lymph drainage, incrase capilllary pressure, obstruction of lymph nodes, heart failure

Front 34

edema

Back 34

factors that disrupt the normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption cause______

Front 35

the reflex control of blood pressure resides in

Back 35

the medulla oblongata

Front 36

baroreceptors

Back 36

in the carotid artery and aorta _______ monitor arterial blood pressure

Front 37

cardiovascular control center

Back 37

efferent output from the medullary ___ ___ ____ goes to the heart and arterioles

Front 38

increased sympathetic activity

Back 38

increases heart rate and force of contraction

Front 39

increased parasympathetic activity

Back 39

slows down the heart rate

Front 40

vasoconstriction

Back 40

increased sympathetic discharge at the arterioles causes

Front 41

there is no significant _____ control of arterioles

Back 41

parasympathetic

Front 42

higher brain centers and from resp control center of medulla

Back 42

cardiovascular function can be modulated by input from

Front 43

cardiovascular disease

Back 43

the leading cause of death in the US

Front 44

atherosclerosis

Back 44

a condition in which fatty deposits called plaues develop in arteries. if plaques are unstable, they may block the arteries by triggering blood clots

Front 45

hypertension

Back 45

a significant risk factor fo rthe developement of cardiovascialr disease including arteriosclerioss d/t high pressure damages of the endothelial lining of the blood vessels

Front 46

myocardial infaction

Back 46

heart attack