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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
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State |
Refer to the organized system of power and authority in society |
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Propaganda |
Disseminated with the intention to justify the state's power |
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Nationalism |
Strong identity associated with an extreme sense of allegiance to one's culture or nation, often to the exclusion of interdependent relations with others |
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Power |
The ability of one person or group to exercise influence and control over others |
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Authority |
Power perceived by others as legitimate and formal |
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Max Weber |
German sociologist, postulated that three types of authority exist in society: Traditional, Charismatic, and Rational-Legal |
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Traditional Authority |
Long-established patterns that give certain people or groups legitimate power in society |
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Charismatic Authority |
Personal appeal of a leader |
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Rational-legal Authority |
Rules and regulations, typically written down as laws, procedures, or codes of conduct |
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Bureaucracy |
Formal organization characterized by an authority hierarchy, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality |
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Pluralist Model |
Interprets power in society as derived from the representation of diverse interests of different groups in society |
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Interest Group |
Any constituency in society organized to promote its own agenda, including large, nationally based groups |
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Political Action Committees (PACs) |
Groups of people who organize to support candidates they feel will represent their views |
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Power Elite Model |
A book written by sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1956. In it Mills calls attention to the interwoven interests of the leaders of the military, corporate, and political elements of society and suggests that the ordinary citizen is a relatively powerless subject of manipulation by those entities.
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C. Wright Mills |
Popularized the term power elite |
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Interlocking Directorates |
Organized linkages created when the same people sit on the board of directors for numerous corportations |
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Autonomous State Model |
Interprets the state as its own major constituent |
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Government |
Institutions that represent the population, making rules that govern the society |
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Democracy |
Based on the principle of representing all people through the right to vote |
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Gender Gap |
The differences between men and women in political attitudes and behavior |
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Economy |
The system by which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed |
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Postindustrial Societies |
Emphasizes not the production of goods, but of services, which depend on intelligent designers and users of technology.
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Capitalism |
An economic system based on the principles of market competition, private property, and the pursuit of profit |
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Socialism |
An economic institution characterized by state ownership and management of the basic industries |
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Communism |
Described as socialism in its purest form |
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Global Economy |
Acknowledges that all dimensions of the economy now cross national borders, including investment, production, management, markets, labor, information, and technology |
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Multinational Corporations |
Those that draw a large share of their revenues from foreign investments and conduct business across national borders |
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Global Assembly Line |
New international division of labor in which research and development is conducted in the United States, Japan, Germany, and other major world powers, and the assembly of goods is done primarily in underdeveloped and poor nations - mostly by women and children |
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Xenophobia |
The fear and hatred of foreigners |
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Economic Restructuring |
Refers to the contemporary transformations in the basic structure of work that are permanently altering the work place |
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Deindustrialization |
Refers to the transition from a predominantly goods-producing economy to one based on the provision of services |
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Job Displacement |
The permanent loss of certain job types that occurs when employment patterns shift |
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Spatial Mismatch |
Job displacement hits people in both rural and inner cities hard because emerging new industries tend to be located in suburban, not urban or rural areas |
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Automation |
The process by which human labor is replaced by machines |
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Contingent Workers |
Do not hold regular jobs, but whose employment is dependent on demand |
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Work |
Productive human activity that creates something of value, either goods, or services |
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Emotional Labor |
Work specifically intended to produce a desired state of mind in a client and often involves putting on a false front before clients |
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Division of Labor |
Systematic interrelatedness of different tasks that develop in complex societies |
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Thorstein Veblen |
Social-economic theorist noted mental labor has always been more highly valued than manual labor |
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Alienation |
A feeling of powerlessness and separation from society |
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Unemployment Rate |
Defined as the percentage of those not working but officially defined as looking for work |
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Underemployment |
The condition of being employed at a skill level below what would be expected given a person's training, experience, or education |
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Dual Labor Market |
The primary labor market and the secondary labor market |
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Occupational Segregation |
The distribution of people based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender, both across and withinoccupations and jobs.
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Glass Ceiling |
Describe the limits to advancements that women, as well as racial-ethnic people and minorities, experience at work |
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Sexual Harassment |
Unwanted physical or verbal sexual behavior that occurs in the context of a relationship of unequal power and that is experienced as a threat to the victim's job or educational activities |
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Irving Zola |
Sociologist was one of the first to suggest that people with disabilities face issues similar to those of minority groups |
