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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The present tense of subjunctive I is formed by adding ...
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the following endings to the *infinitive stem* of the verb (e.g. sehen): -e, -est, -e; -en, -et, -en (e.g. sehe, sehest, sehe; sehen, sehet, sehen)
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present tense subj I: sein
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sei, seiest, sei; seien, seiet, seien [mnemonic note: subj I is derived from present infinitive stem; subj II is derived from past tense stems.]
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The past tense of subjunctive I is composed of:
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sei or habe + past participle
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The future tense of subjunctive I is composed of
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subjunctive I form of werden (werde, werdest, werde; werden, werdet, werden) + infinitive
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trans: He says that it is necessary. He said that it is necessary. [use: subj 1]
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Er sagt, es sei notwendig. Er sagte, es sei notwendig. [Note: tense of indirect quote is determined by tense of direct quote - if direct quote is in the present tense, the indirect quote must be in the present tense of subj I]
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trans: He said that it was necessary. [subj 1]
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Er sagte, es sei notwendig gewesen. [Note: the subj I has only one past tense: sei + past participle]
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trans: He said she will be famous one day. [hint: use subj 1]
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Er sagte, sie werde eines Tages berühmt sein. [Note change from wird to subj I form werde]
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trans: They claim they have found something. (indirect speech)
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Sie behaupten, sie ha:tten etwas gefunden. [Note: Whenever a subj 1 form and an indicative form are identical (e.g. haben/haben) subj II must be substituted for subj I. Except for the unique form seien, this is always the the case in the 3rd person plural.]
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trans: He says he would be satisfied with that. [subj 1]
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Er sagt, er wa:re damit zufrieden. [Note: if the original quotation is in subj II, the indirect quotation will also be in subj II - "subj II stays subj II".]
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Subj I usage simplified (2):
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(i) Subjunctive I is limited almost entirely to the third person singular. (ii) The only exception is seien, which is the only third person plural form that is not identical with the third person plural of the indicative.
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