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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Chart showing the pattern of inheritance of a trait through generations in a family. |
Pedigree |
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Repeated section of a chromosome |
Duplication |
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Structural rearrangement of a chromosome in which part of the DNA becomes oriented in the reverse direction. |
Inversion |
May not affect carrier's health but may affect fertility. |
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Structural change of a chromosome in which a broken piece gets reattached in the wrong location. |
Translocation |
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Segment of DNA that can move spontaneously within or between chromosomes. |
Transposable Element |
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Having too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome. |
Aneuploid |
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Failure of sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to separate during nuclear division. |
Nondisjunction |
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Having three or more of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species. |
Polyploid |
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A trait associated with a dominant allele on an autosome. Appears in people of both homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant. Tends to appear in every generation. |
Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. |
Example: Achondroplasia, Huntington's disease, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. |
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A recessive allele on an autosome. Expressed only in homozygous people. traits tend to skip generations. |
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance pattern |
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Recessive allele on an autosome. Only persons who are homozygous for an allele have the associated trait. The trait tends to skip generations. |
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance |
Ex: Tay-Sachs disease and Albinism |
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A recessive allele on the X-chromosome. Appears more often in men. Can transmit allele to daughters but not sons. |
X-Linked Recessive Pattern |
Ex: Red-Green color blindness, Duchesne Muscular Dystrophy, Hemophilia A. |
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Failure of sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to separate during nuclear division. |
Nondisjunction |
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Individuals who carry an extra sex chromosome. Problems are subtle and the cause may never be diagnosed. |
Trisomy |
Example: (XXX, XXY) XYY male may be taller than most. |
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Sex chomosome abnormality in females in which they inherit an X chromosome and no corresponding Y or X chromosome. Female offspring who inherit this trait can be well proportioned but short, have underdeveloped ovaries and do not possess sufficient sex hormones to become sexually mature. |
Turner Syndrome |
XO genotype 1/2500 chance |
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See chromosome abnormality in males in which they make more estrogen than normal males, tend to be tall and overweight. |
Klinefelter Syndrome |
XXY genotype common in 1/500 males. |
