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36 Cards in this Set

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Plane of the ecliptic

The flatness of the solar system results in the observable planets moving in, or near, the plane of earth's orbit

Ecliptic

The path of the sun around the celestial sphere

Revolution

The movement around the sun

Rotation

The spinning of earth around an imaginary line through the geographic poles (earth's axis)

Solstices

When the sun appears to stop increasing our decreasing its altitude the sky, stop, then reverse its movement twice a year

Winter solstice

December 22nd and identifies the beginning of the winter season

Sun at noon has the lowest altitude, shadow is longer than any other day

Summer solstice

June 22nd identifies the beginning of the summer season

Sun has highest altitude at noon, vertical shadow is shorter than any other day of the year

Equinoxes

When the earth's axis is perpendicular to a line between the center of the sun and earth and daylight and night are if equal length

Spring equinox

March 21st and identifies the beginning of the spring season

vernal equinox

Autumnal equinox

September 23rd and identifies the beginning of the fall season

Foucault pendulum

Earth's rotation tool for evidence: heavy mass swinging from a long wire

Coriolis effect

The apparent reflection caused by earth's rotation

Precession

The slow wobble of the earth's axis

Full moon

When the moon is on the earth side if the earth you see the entire illuminated half of the moon

New moon

The entire Unlighted side of the moon is facing the earth

First quarter/last quarter

Half lighted surface

Eclipse

The event of the earth or moons shadow falling on the other body

Check out different types

Umbra

One of two parts of a cone that composes the shadow of an Eclipse: the inner cone of a complete shadow

Penumbra

One of two cones that makes up the shadow of an Eclipse: the outer cone of a partial shadow

Total solar Eclipse

When and where the umbrage of the moons shadow falls on the earth

Annular Eclipse

Moons umbra fails to reach Earth

Lunar eclipse

Mom and earth are lined up so earth's shadow falls on the moon

Tides

Periodic rise and fall of sea level

1. The greatest range of tides occurs at full and new moon passes


2. The least range of tides occurs at quarter moon phases


3. In most oceans the time between two high tides or between two low tides is an average of twelve hours and twenty five minutes

Spring tides

Unusually high and low tides

Neap tides

Unusually less pronounced high and low tides

Perigee

Moons elliptical orbit brings it closest to the earth at this point

Apogee

Moons elliptical orbit brings it farthest from Earth at a this point

Silicates

Each has a basic silicon oxygen tetrahedral unit either isolated if joined together in the crystal structure

Ferromagnesian Silicates

Grater density and darker color than other Silicates because of the presence of the metal ions

Non Ferromagnesian Silicates

Light color and low density

Nonsilicates

Minerals that do not have silicon oxygen tetrahedrons in their crystal structure

Igneous rocks

Rocks that are formed from a hot molten mass of melted rock materials

Sedimentary rocks

Rocks that formed from particles or dissolved materials from previously existing rocks

Metamorphic rocks

Previously existing rocks that have been changed by heat, pressure, or hot solutions into a distinctly different rock

No

No

Mean solar time

What clocks measure; the average of apparent solar time over one year