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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Excretion

Removal of small substances from the body such as via the kidneys

Excretory organs

Kidneys, large intestine, liver, lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and spleen

Urinary system

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Nitrogenous waste

Breakdown products of especially amino acids but also nucleic acids that must be removed from the body

Ammonia

Nitrogenous waste that, if allowed to accumulate, results in a rising of the pH of tissues

Urea

Less toxic nitrogenous waste of the chemical reaction between two molecules of ammonia and one of the carbon dioxide

Kidneys

Primary excretory organs involved especially in the production of urine

Nephron

The blood filtration, tubular section, and tubular reabsorption functional unit of the kidney

Blood filtration

Removal of relatively small substances from plasma

Glomeruli

Network of capillaries from which the initial step of kidney function, blood filtration, occurs

Glomerular filtrate

Material received by Bowman's capsule representing the product of the first step of kidney - mediated filtration of blood

Bowman's capsule

Nephron receiving point of glomerular filtrate

Convoluted tubules

Carrier of glomerular filtrate through much of the nephron especially within the renal cortex

Collecting duct

Immediately post - tubes and kidneys through which still - forming urine

Urine

Of kidney function that passes into the renal pelvis and then into ureters

Concentrated urine

Does kidney functioning possessing relatively low levels of water

Dilute urine

Relative kidney functioning possessing relatively high levels of water

Ureters

Tubes connecting kidney to bladder

Urinary bladder

Collecting organ of the water and waste excreted by the kidney

Urethra

Tube connecting the bladder to outside of the body

Internal urethral sphincter

Effector of involuntary control over voiding of the bladder

External urethral sphincter

Effector of voluntary control over voiding of the bladder

Diuretic

Drug that increases the amount of water present in urine

Micturition

Clinical term for urination, ie, the voiding one's bladder

Continence

Voluntary control over urination

Cystitis

Inflammation of the urinary bladder such as caused by urinary tract infections

Kidney stone

Common names for renal calculus

Renal failure

Lack of sufficient filtration of the blood by the kidneys

Hemodialysis

Means of artificial filtration of blood outside of the body as required given reduced kidney functioning