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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

suffrage

the right to vote

caucus

a meeting of members of a political party to choose candidates for upcoming elections

nomination convention

meeting at which representative members of a political party chooses candidates to run for important elected offices

states' rights

the right of states to limit the power of the federal government

nullification

idea that a state has the right to nullify, or cancel, a federal law that the state leaders consider to be unconstitutional

John C. Calhoun

powerful Senator from South Carolina who led states' rights movement with the Nullification Crisis' Andrew Jackson's vice president

Henry Clay

Speaker of the House who allegedly used his power as the Speaker to get John Quincy Adams elected President' known as "The Great Compromiser"

Nicholas Biddle

President of the Bank of the U.S.

John Quincy Adams

Sixth President; unpopular for supporting expensive programs and accused of making the federal government too strong' National Republican

Andrew Jackson

Seventh President; president of the "working class/common man"; Democrat

Martin VanBuren

Eighth President; became unpopular with his failure to address the "Panic of 1837"; Democrat

William Henry Harrison

Ninth President; remembered for his "Log Cabin Campaign"; died within less than one month of taking office; Whig

How was the election of 1824 decided? (Remember this is the election in which Andrew Jackson won a plurality of the popular vote and electoral, but no candidate won the majority of electoral votes. One must win the majority of electoral votes to become president.)

The House of Representatives had to vote among the top 3 candidates.

In the "corrupt bargain", how did Henry Clay help to elect John Quincy Adams in 1824 presidential election?

As Speaker of the House of Representatives, Henry Clay urged members of the House to vote for Adams.

As President, what did John Quincy Adams support?

a. improving roads and waterways


b. building a national university


c. supporting scientific research

Who defeated John Quincy Adams in the election in 1828?

Andrew Jackson

Why was Andrew Jackson's election a victory for the common man?

He came from a "common man" background and saw to it that political power was extended to more people-not just the wealthy, educated elite.

Which 2 new political parties grew out of the Republican party after 1824?

National Republicans and Democrats (beginning of the Democrats we have today)

How did democracy expand during the 1820's?

a. More people gained suffrage (the right to vote)


b. New political parties emerged (National Republicans and Democrats).


c. Nomination conventions replaced caucuses as a means of choosing presidential candidates.

What group of people began enjoying suffrage in the East for the first time?

Many sharecroppers, factory workers and others won the right to vote as the requirement to own property was dropped.

Although more people were voting than ever before, who was still not allowed to vote?

Women, Native Americans, and African Americans were not allowed to vote.

The practice of appointing supporters to political jobs is known as what?

the spoils system

What issue divided President Andrew Jackson from his vice president, John C. Calhoun?

states' rights

What 2 important issues did the debate over states' rights affect during Andrew Jackson's presidency?

tariffs and the rights of Native Americans

What was significant about the Tariff of Abominations?

It was the highest tariff passed by Congress in the history of the United States.

What was one effect of the high Tariff of Abominations?

It meant southerners had to pay more for imported European goods.

Who led the South's fight against the Tariff of Abominations?

John C. Calhoun

What was the Nullification crisis

South Carolina passed the Nullification Act declaring the new tariff illegal. SC also threatened to secede from the Union (U.S.) if challenged.

How did President Andrew Jackson put down the Nullification Crisis?

He asked Congress to pass the Force Bill that would allow him to use the army, if necessary, to enforce the tariff. No other state supported SC, so SC repealed the Nullificiation Act

Why did settlers want Cherokee lands?

The land was suitable for growing cotton.

What did Chief Justice John Marshall rule in the Supreme Court decision Worcester v. Georgia?

The Cherokees had the right to keep their lands.

Did President Jackson support the Supreme Court decision allowing the Indians to keep their lands?

No! He supported the Indian Removal Act passed by Congress that forced Native Americans to move off of their lands to lands west of the Mississippi River.

What was the forced journey of the Cherokees form Georgia to west of the Mississippi River during which thousands of Cherokees died called?

Trail of Tears

Who fought against 30,000 U.S. soldiers between 1835 and 1842 trying to hang onto their lands in Florida?

Seminole and African Americans (known as black Seminole-escaped slaves from Georgia)

What were the results of the Seminole Wars?

a. Cost U.S. government over $20 million


b. More than 1,500 U.S. soldiers were killed


c. Many Seminole also died with others being captured and forced to move west

Who were the Five Civilized Tribes and where did they relocate?

Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw and Choctaw peoples who lived in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. they relocated tin the eastern half of Indian Territory on lands already claimed by several Plains peoples (Osage, Comanche, and Kiowas).

What was the Dawes Act and why did the U.S. government pass it?

The Dawes Act, passed by congress in 1887, divided reservation lands into small farms. By turning Native Americans into individual farmers, the government was trying to destroy the tribal system.

Why did President Jackson oppose the Bank of the United States?

a. He believed it was too powerful.


b. He believed it was a monopoly that favored wealthy Easterners and limited western growth.


c. He believed it was unconstitutional.

What did the election of 1832 show about Jackson's veto of the bank recharter bill and his supporter?

Most voters supported Jackson's veto. He WON the election.

How did Andrew Jackson put the Bank of the United States out of business BEFORE its charter was up in 1836?

He ordered all government deposits withdrawn from the Bank and placed in smaller sate banks.

Who was elected president when Jackson decided not to run for a third term?

Martin Van Buren

Which NEW political party that included former National Republicans and other anti-Jackson forces emerged during this presidential election?

WHIGS

What led to the Panic of 1837?

Some state banks issued too many banknotes that many believed had little value. Therefore, the government stopped accepting them as payment for purchasing public land. This led to the panic!

How did Martin Van Buren respond to the depression?

He believed in a laissez faire policy and refused to interfere in the economy. he did, however, create the federal treasury in 1840 to hold the government's money instead of putting it in smaller private and state banks.

Which political party split in 1840?

Democratic Party which led to the Whigs winning the presidential election of 1840.

Who on the presidential election of 1840?

William Henry Harrison

Why did the Whigs call Harrison the "log cabin, hard cider" candidate?

They wanted to stress that Harrison was a humble Ohio farmer-a common man. (HE WAS NOT - he was from a wealthy, well- educated family)

What happened to President William Henry Harrison soon after he was elected President?

He died of pneumonia, and his vice-president (John Tyler) took over as President.

How did John Tyler disappoint the Whigs?

He opposed their plans to promote economic growth by vetoing a bill to create a new Bank of the U.S.

Why did the Whig party die out?

they could not agree on their party's goals and were divided by region-North,South, and West.

Who was the last president the Whigs were able to elect?

Zachary Taylor in 1848 (who also died in office)

What issue badly divided the Whigs?

Slavery

Which political party did many Northern Whigs help form>

The REPUBLICAN Party that we have today.