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224 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Patterns of behaviors, thoughts, or emotions considered pathological

Abnormal behavior

Deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger

For criteria is for diagnosing abnormal behavior

Deviation from a society or cultures norms

Deviance

Interference with daily functioning

Dysfunction

Behaviors, thoughts, or emotions that cause significant personal distress

Distress

Thoughts, emotions, or behaviors present a danger to self or others

Danger

The diagnostic perspective that assumes that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured ( created by Philip Pinel)

Medical model

The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders

Psychiatry

A classification system developed by the American psychiatric Association that is used to describe abnormal behaviors

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)

The legal designation for the state of an individual judged to be legally irresponsible or incompetent to manage his/her own affairs because of mental illness

Insanity

Groups of 400 disorders into _____ categories

22

The cooccurrence of two or more disorders in the same person, at the same time, as when a person suffers from both depression and alcohol use, moderate severe

Comorbidity

A mental disorder characterized by overwhelming tension and irrational fear accompanied by psychological and physiological arousal

Anxiety disorder

Characterized by persistent, uncontrollable, and free-floating, non-specified anxiety

Generalized anxiety disorder

And anxiety disorder in which suffers experience sudden and inexplicable panic attacks; symptoms include difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, dizziness, trembling, terror, and feelings of impending doom

Panic disorder

A persistent and intense irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Phobia

Fear or anxiety about being an open spaces, enclosed places, being outside of the home, and using public transportation

Agoraphobia

Fear of a specific object or situation

Specific phobia

IrRational fear or embarrassing oneself, fear of public speaking and eating in public

Social phobia

Habits of thinking that make them prone to fear, hyper vigilant, magnify ordinary threats

Faulty cognition

In advert an improper conditioning and social learning

Maladaptive learning

Fears things that were dangerous to our ancestors

Evolutionary predisposition

A group of mental disorders, characterized by sad, empty, or irritable moods that interfere with the ability to function

Depressive disorder

Depressive episode ends and personal returns to normal emotional level

Unipolar depression

Severe recurrent temper outburst manifested verbally and or behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity and duration

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

Major depressive disorder

A mental disorder characterized by repeated episodes of mania alternating with depression

Bipolar disorder

Seligmans term for a state of helplessness or resignation, in which human or nonhuman animals learn that escape from something painful is impossible; the organism stops responding and may become depressed

Learned helplessness

A group of severe disorders involving major disturbances and perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior

Schizophrenia

Senses are either enhanced or blunted; sensory information is Jumbled and distorted

Perception

A false, imaginary sensory perception that occurs without an external, objective source

Hallucinations

Words lose usual meanings and association, logic is impaired, thoughts are this organized and bizarre, conversations jump from topic to topic, phrases and words are jumbled into word salad

Language and thought

A false or irrational belief maintained despite clear evidence to the contrary

Delusion

Exaggerated and fluctuate rapidly; some have flattened affects with almost no emotional response

Emotion

Unusual actions have special meanings to suffer; could become cataleptic or nearly immobile

Behavior

Additions to or exaggerations of normal thought processes including delusions and hallucinations

Positive schizophrenia

Lose or absence of normal thought processes and behaviors including impaired attention, Limited/toneless speech, flat affect, social withdrawal

Negative schizophrenia

The risk for schizophrenia increases when someone in the family has the disorder

Genetics

Over activity in certain dopamine neurons; drugs that decrease dub mean decrease some symptoms

Neurotransmitters

Large cerebral ventricles (fluid filled spaces in the brain) ; lower level of activity in frontal lobe

Brain abnormalities

Persistent, unwanted, fearful thoughts

Obsessions

Irresistible urges to perform an act or repeated ritual

Compulsions

Personality disorder marked by a disturbance in the integration of identity, memory, or consciousness

Dissociative disorder

A mental disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities systems in the same individual at different times

Dissociative identity disorder

A mental disorder characterized by chronic, inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning

Personality disorders

The pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others, beginning in childhood or early adolescence and continuing into adulthood

Antisocial personality disorder

A mental disorder characterized by severe instability and emotion and self-concept, along with impulsive and self-destructive behaviors

Borderline personality disorder

Group of symptoms that appear across cultures

Cultural general symptom

A group of symptoms that appear in select cultures

Culture bound symptoms

Psychoanalysis, humanistic, and cognitive

Talk therapy's

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning

Behavioral therapies

Psychopharmacology, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery

Biomedical therapy's

Any of a group of therapy is used to treat psychological disorders and to improve psychological functioning and adjustment to life

Psychotherapy

A type of psychodynamic therapy developed by Freud; intensive and prolonged tech thanks for bringing unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness

PsychoAnalysis

In psychoanalysis, reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring it's consents

Free association

In psychoanalysis, reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring it's consents

Free association

In psychoanalysis, interpretation of the underlying true meaning of dreams to reveal unconscious processes

Dream analysis

Surface meaning of the dream

Manifest content

Surface meaning of the dream

Manifest content

The hidden, underlying meaning of the dream

Latent content

In psychoanalysis, the inability or unwillingness of a participant to discuss or reveal certain memories, thoughts, motives, or experiences

Analysis of resistance

In psychoanalysis, the inability or unwillingness of a participant to discuss or reveal certain memories, thoughts, motives, or experiences

Analysis of resistance

In psychoanalysis, the process by which a client attaches to a therapist feelings formally held toward some significant person who figured in a past emotional conflict

Analysis of transference

Hey psychoanalysis explanation of her patients free associations, dreams, resistance, and transference; more generally, any statement by a therapist that presents a patient's problem in anyway

Interpretation

Time-consuming and very expensive

Limited applicability

Difficult to scientifically document the major points of psychoanalysis

Lack of scientific credibility

A type of therapy that focuses on conscious process and current problems; a briefer, more directive, and more modern form of psychoanalysis

Psychodynamic therapy

A type of therapy that emphasizes maximizing a clients inherent capacity for self actualization and focusing on obstacles that block personal growth and potential

Humanistic therapy

Rogers humanistic approach to therapy, which emphasizes the clients natural tendency to become healthy and productive

Client centered therapy

Rogers humanistic approach to therapy, which emphasizes the clients natural tendency to become healthy and productive

Client centered therapy

In Rogerian terms, and insightful awareness and ability to share another inner experience

Empathy

Rogers humanistic approach to therapy, which emphasizes the clients natural tendency to become healthy and productive

Client centered therapy

In Rogerian terms, and insightful awareness and ability to share another inner experience

Empathy

Rogers term for a complete love and acceptance of another, such as parent for a child, with no conditions attached

Unconditional positive regard

Rogers humanistic approach to therapy, which emphasizes the clients natural tendency to become healthy and productive

Client centered therapy

In Rogerian terms, and insightful awareness and ability to share another inner experience

Empathy

Rogers term for a complete love and acceptance of another, such as parent for a child, with no conditions attached

Unconditional positive regard

In rogerian terms, authenticity or congruence; the awareness of one's true inner thoughts and feelings and the ability to share them honestly with others

Genuineness

Listening with total attention to what another is saying; includes reflecting, paraphrasing, and clarifying what the person says and means

Active listening

A type of therapy that treats problem behaviors and mental processes by focusing on faulty thought processes and believes

Cognitive therapy

A type of therapy that treats problem behaviors and mental processes by focusing on faulty thought processes and believes

Cognitive therapy

Unrealistic things a person tells himself

Negative self talk

A process in cognitive therapy that is designed to change distractive thoughts or inappropriate interpretations

Cognitive restructuring

Ellis's cognitive therapy that focuses on illumination of emotional reaction through logic, confrontation, and examination of a rational believes

Ellis's rational emotive behavioral therapy

A type of therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy

Cognitive behavior therapy

Are highly effective for depression, anxiety, dilemma, anger management, addiction, some symptoms of schizophrenia, and insomnia

Cognitive therapy's

Are highly effective for depression, anxiety, dilemma, anger management, addiction, some symptoms of schizophrenia, and insomnia

Cognitive therapy's

A group of techniques based on learning principles to change maladaptive behaviors

Behavior therapy

Are highly effective for depression, anxiety, dilemma, anger management, addiction, some symptoms of schizophrenia, and insomnia

Cognitive therapy's

A group of techniques based on learning principles to change maladaptive behaviors

Behavior therapy

A behavioral therapy technique in which a client learns to prevent the arousal of anxiety by gradually confronting the feared stimulus while relaxed

Systematic desensitization

A type of behavioral therapy characterized by the pairing of an adverse stimulus with a maladaptive behavior in order to elicit a negative reaction to the target stimulus

Aversion therapy

A type of behavioral therapy characterized by the pairing of an adverse stimulus with a maladaptive behavior in order to elicit a negative reaction to the target stimulus

Aversion therapy

Providing a medium awards for successful approximation of target behaviors

Shaping

A type of behavioral therapy characterized by the pairing of an adverse stimulus with a maladaptive behavior in order to elicit a negative reaction to the target stimulus

Aversion therapy

Providing a medium awards for successful approximation of target behaviors

Shaping

Adaptive behaviors can be taught or increase by providing reward in the form of tokens

Reinforcement

A type of therapy characterized by watching and imitating models that demonstrate desirable behaviors

Modeling therapy

After treatment, patient won't continue to be reinforced, so newly acquired behaviors might disappear

Generalized ability

Critics claim it is unethical for someone to control another's behavior; behaviorist argue that rewards and punishment already controlling behavior and that this treatment increase his freedom

Ethics

A treatment for psychological disorders that alters brain functioning with biological or physical interventions

Biomedical therapy

The study of the effects of drugs and behavior and mental processes

Psychopharmacology

Reduce anxiety and decrease over arousal in the brain

Anti-anxiety

Reduce anxiety and decrease over arousal in the brain

Anti-anxiety

Diminish or illuminate hallucinations, delusions, withdrawal symptoms

Antipsychotic

Treat the combination of manic episodes and depression and bipolar

Mood stabilizers

Treat the combination of manic episodes and depression and bipolar

Mood stabilizers

Treat depression, some anxiety disorders, and certain eating

Antidepressant

A biomedical therapy based on passing electrical current through the brain used almost exclusively to treat serious depression when drugs therapy fails

Electroconvulsive therapy

A neurosurgical alteration of the brain to bring about desirable behavior, cognitive, or emotional changes, which is generally used when patients have not responded to other forms of treatment; also called neurosurgery for mental disorder

Psychosurgery

A neurosurgical alteration of the brain to bring about desirable behavior, cognitive, or emotional changes, which is generally used when patients have not responded to other forms of treatment; also called neurosurgery for mental disorder

Psychosurgery

And outmoded neurosurgical procedure for mental disorders, which involves cutting nerve pathways between the frontal lobe's in the thalamus and hypothalamus

Lobotomy

A perspective on therapy that combines techniques from various therapies to find the most appropriate treatment

Eclectic approach

A form of therapy in which a number of people meet together to work towards therapeutic goals

Group therapy

A form of therapy in which a number of people meet together to work towards therapeutic goals

Group therapy

Hey leaderless or nonprofessionally guided group in which members assist one another with a specific problem, as in alcoholic anonymous

Self-help group

Primary aim is to change maladaptive family interaction patterns

Marital and family therapy

Internet, email, virtual reality, and web conference systems

Telehealth/electronic therapy

Branch of psychology that studies how others influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions; it also studies group and intergroup phenomena

Social psychology

How we think about and interpret ourselves and others

Social cognition

A social cognitive approach to describing the ways a social perceiver uses information to generate casual explanations; in other words how we explain our own and others' actions

Attributions

The tendency of observers to overestimate the influence of internal, dispositional factors on a person's behavior, while underestimating the impact of extrenal, situational factors

Fundamental attribution error

A type of attributional bias in which people tend to take credit for their successes and externalize or deny responsibility for their failures

Self serving bias

Fundamental attribution error is about _________

Others

Fundamental attribution error is about _________

Others

Self-serving bias is about ______

You

Fundamental attributional error is most likely in which culture

Individualistic culture

Fundamental attributional error is most likely in which culture

Individualistic culture

Self-serving bias is less common in which culture

Collectivistic

The learned predisposition to respond cognitively, effectively, and behaviorally to a particular object, person, place, thing, or event in an evaluative way

Attitudes

The learned predisposition to respond cognitively, effectively, and behaviorally to a particular object, person, place, thing, or event in an evaluative way

Attitudes

Affect, behavior, cognition

The ABC's of attitudes

The unpleasant tension and anxiety caused by a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior

Cognitive dissonance

Participants were paid either one dollar or $20 to lie to other participants about how fun the experiment is

Festinger and carlsmith

How situational factors and other people affect us

Social influence

Conformity, obedience, group processes

Three key topics of social influence

Conformity, obedience, group processes

Three key topics of social influence

Changes in behavior, attitude, or values because of real or imagined group pressure

Conformity

Conformity, obedience, group processes

Three key topics of social influence

Changes in behavior, attitude, or values because of real or imagined group pressure

Conformity

Solomon Aachen study

Conformity

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference group

Three factors that drive conformity

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference group

Three factors that drive conformity

Conformance to group pressure out of the need to be liked, excepted, and approved by

Normative social influence

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference group

Three factors that drive conformity

Conformance to group pressure out of the need to be liked, excepted, and approved by

Normative social influence

Conformance to a group out of a need for information and direction

Informational social influence

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference group

Three factors that drive conformity

Conformance to group pressure out of the need to be liked, excepted, and approved by

Normative social influence

Conformance to a group out of a need for information and direction

Informational social influence

The people we conform to, or go along with, because we like, admire, and want to be like them

Reference group

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference group

Three factors that drive conformity

Conformance to group pressure out of the need to be liked, excepted, and approved by

Normative social influence

Conformance to a group out of a need for information and direction

Informational social influence

The people we conform to, or go along with, because we like, admire, and want to be like them

Reference group

A party is an example of

Normative social influence

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference group

Three factors that drive conformity

Conformance to group pressure out of the need to be liked, excepted, and approved by

Normative social influence

Conformance to a group out of a need for information and direction

Informational social influence

The people we conform to, or go along with, because we like, admire, and want to be like them

Reference group

A party is an example of

Normative social influence

Partnering with a smart person for a group project is an example of

Informational social influence

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference group

Three factors that drive conformity

Conformance to group pressure out of the need to be liked, excepted, and approved by

Normative social influence

Conformance to a group out of a need for information and direction

Informational social influence

The people we conform to, or go along with, because we like, admire, and want to be like them

Reference group

A party is an example of

Normative social influence

Partnering with a smart person for a group project is an example of

Informational social influence

Celebrities are an example of

Reference group

Following direct commands usually from an authority figure

Obedience

Would assign participants as teachers obey the experimenters commands to shock the learner for wrong answers

Milgram study

And initial, small request is used as a set up for later, larger request

Foot in the door technique

Two weeks study at Stanford

ZimBardo prison study

Two weeks study at Stanford

ZimBardo prison study

The zimbardo study was stopped after only ___________ because guards abused their role of power and prisoners suffered severe psychological responses

Six days

The reduced self consciousness, inhibition, and personal responsibility that sometimes occurs in a group, particularly when members feel anonymous

Deindividuation

The group supports a risk you're out come together than they would have determined individually

Risky shift phenomenon

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme depending on the members initial dominant tenancy

Group polarization

The faulty decision making that occurs when a highly cohesive group strives for agreement, especially if it in line with the leaders viewpoint, and avoids inconsistent information

Group think

How we develop and are affected by interpersonal relationships

Social relations

How we develop and are affected by interpersonal relationships

Social relations

Father of social psychology

Kurt Lewin

Prejudiced, aggravation, altruism, and interpersonal attraction

Topics of social relations

I learned, generally negative attitude towards members of a group; includes thoughts feelings and behavioral tendencies

Prejudice

I learned, generally negative attitude towards members of a group; includes thoughts feelings and behavioral tendencies

Prejudice

Generalizations about a group of people in which the same characteristics are assigned to all members of the group; also the cognitive component of prejudice

Stereotypes

Negative behaviors directed at others because of their memberships in a particular Group

Discrimination

Negative behaviors directed at others because of their memberships in a particular Group

Discrimination

Prejudice is learned through classical and operant conditioning and social learning

Learning

Negative behaviors directed at others because of their memberships in a particular Group

Discrimination

Prejudice is learned through classical and operant conditioning and social learning

Learning

One or more negative experiences with a member of a specific group can cause negative feelings to be generalized to all members of a group

Personal experience

Negative behaviors directed at others because of their memberships in a particular Group

Discrimination

Prejudice is learned through classical and operant conditioning and social learning

Learning

One or more negative experiences with a member of a specific group can cause negative feelings to be generalized to all members of a group

Personal experience

Prejudice and discrimination provide significant power and privilege to the majority group

Limited resources

Negative behaviors directed at others because of their memberships in a particular Group

Discrimination

Prejudice is learned through classical and operant conditioning and social learning

Learning

One or more negative experiences with a member of a specific group can cause negative feelings to be generalized to all members of a group

Personal experience

Prejudice and discrimination provide significant power and privilege to the majority group

Limited resources

Frustration can cause aggravation but if the source of the frustration is ambiguous or unavailable the aggression can be displaced onto a scapegoat

Displaced aggression

Stereotypes are tools to simplify complex social world and free up mental resources for other activity

Mental shortcuts

A hidden, automatic attitude that may guide behavior is independent of a persons awareness or

Implicit bias

Viewing members of the in group more positively then members of an outgroup

In group favoritism

Viewing members of the in group more positively then members of an outgroup

In group favoritism

Judging members of an outgroup as more like and less diverse than members of the in group

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Boys were assigned to different caverns, competitive games increase prejudice between cabins, prejudice was decrease with cooperative projects

Operation and common goals

Boys were assigned to different caverns, competitive games increase prejudice between cabins, prejudice was decrease with cooperative projects

Operation and common goals

Situation must include closed interaction, interdependence, and equal status

Intergroup contact

Boys were assigned to different caverns, competitive games increase prejudice between cabins, prejudice was decrease with cooperative projects

Operation and common goals

Situation must include closed interaction, interdependence, and equal status

Intergroup contact

Pay attention to similarities rather than differences, practice taking other person's perspective

Cognitive retraining

Meeting someone who does not conform to stereo typical views creates cognitive dissonance

Cognitive dissonance

Any behavior intended to cause psychological or physical harm to another individual

Aggression

A hypothesis that states that the blocking of a desired goal create anger that may lead to aggression

Frustration aggression hypothesis

Prosocial behaviors designed to help others, with no obvious benefit to the helper

Altruism

A phenomenon in which the greater The number of by standards, the less likely it is that any one individual feel responsible for seeking help or giving aid to someone in the need of help

Bystandard effect

Positive feelings towards another

Interpersonal attraction

Positive feelings towards another

Interpersonal attraction

Physical attractiveness, proximity, and similarities

Three factors of interpersonal attraction

A developed preference for people or things simply because they are familiar

Mere exposure affect

Strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, tolerance, and friendship; slowly develops as couples grow and spend more time together

Companionate love

Strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, tolerance, and friendship; slowly develops as couples grow and spend more time together

Companionate love

And intense feeling of attraction to another in erotic context; largely based on mystery, and fantasy and generally begins to fade 6 to 30 months into the relationship

Romantic love