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385 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunology |
Study of immunity |
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Antibodies |
Proteins that protect from pathogens |
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Antigen specific Systemic Memory |
3 aspects of adaptive defense |
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Recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances |
What does an antigen specific do |
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Not restricted to the initial infection site |
What is a characteristic of systemic adaptive defense |
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Recognized and mounts a stronger attach in previously encountered pathogens |
What does memory adaptive defense do |
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Humoral and cellular |
Types of immunity |
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Antibody mediated immunity; provided by antibodies present in body fluids |
What is humoral immunity and its function |
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Cell-mediated immunity; targets virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and cells of foreign grafts |
What is cellular immunity and its function |
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Any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response |
What is an antigen |
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Foreign proteins Nucleus acids Large carbs Lipids Pollen grains Microorganisms |
Examples of common antigens |
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Foreign protein |
Which is the strongest antigen |
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Small molecules (haptens&incomplete antigens) are not antigenic. They link up with our own proteins. Immune system responds to a protein-happen combination. Immune response is harmful and attacks our own cells. |
What happens in allergic reactions |
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Lymphocytes (b&t cells) |
Respond to specific antigens |
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Cell becomes capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it |
What is immunocompetent |
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Lymphocytes |
Originate from hemocytoblasts in the red bone marrow |
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B CELLS |
What becomes immunocompetent in the bone marrow |
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T CELLS |
Become immunocompetent in the thymus |
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Macrophages |
Arise from monocytes |
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Become widely distributed in lymphoid organs Secrete cytokines Tend to remain fixed in lymphoid organs |
Macrophages..... |
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Proteins important in the immune response |
What are cytokines |
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B LYMPHOCYTES |
Bond to a specific antigen in humoral immune response |
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Clonal selection |
B lymphocytes activate itself by binding to an antigen to undergo... |
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Plasma cells |
Most B Cells become.... |
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Produce antibodies to destroy antigens Activity lasts for 4-5 days |
B cells that become plasma cells..... |
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Memory cells |
Some B Cells become long-lived..... |
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Clones in clinal selection |
Associated with the primary humoral response |
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Memory cells |
Associated with the secondary humoral response |
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Memory cells are long-lived Second exposure causes rapid response Secondary respond is stronger and lasts longer |
In the secondary humoral response... |
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When B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies |
When does active immunity occur |
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Naturally acquired during bacterial and viral infections
Artificially acquired from vaccines |
Active immunity can be... |
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When antibodies are obtained from someone else |
When does passive immunity occur |
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Mother to fetus
Immune serum |
Examples of passive immunity |
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Mother to fetus |
Which passive immunity antibodies are naturally acquired |
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Immune serum |
Which passive immunity antibodies are artificially acquired |
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Immunological memory does not occur Protection provided by "borrowed antibodies" |
In passive immunity.... |
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Antibodies prepared for clinical testing or diagnostic services |
What are monoclonal antibodies |
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Monoclonal antibodies |
Produced from descendants of a single cell line |
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Diagnosis of pregnancy Treatment after exposure to hepatitis and rabies |
Examples of uses for monoclonal antibodies |
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Soluble proteins secreted by B cells (plasma cells) Carried in blood plasma Capable of binding specific to an antigen |
Immunoglobulins or Igs... |
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4 amino acid chains linked by disulfide bonds Carried in blood plasma Capable of binding specifically to an antigen |
Antibody structure...... |
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MADGE IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE |
Antibody classes... |
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Can fix complement |
IgM.... |
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Mainly found in mucus |
IgA... |
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Important in activation of B Cell |
IgD... |
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Can cross the placental barrier and fix complement |
IgG.... |
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Involved in allergies |
IgE..... |
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Complement fixation Neutralization Agglutination Precipitation |
Antibody function |
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Antigens must be presented by macrophages to an immunocompetent T cell. T cells must recognize no self and self(double recognition). After antigen binding, clones form as with B cells, but different classes of cells are produced |
In cellular immune response... |
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Cytotoxic (killer) T cells Helper T cells |
T cell clones |
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Cytotoxic (killer) T cells Helper T cells |
T cell clones |
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Specialize in killing infected cells Insert a toxic chemical (perforin) |
What do cytotoxic T cells do |
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Cytotoxic (killer) T cells Helper T cells Regulatory T cells |
T cell clones |
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Specialize in killing infected cells Insert a toxic chemical (perforin) |
What do cytotoxic T cells do |
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Recruit other cells to fight the invaders Interact directly with B cells |
What do helper T cells do |
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Release chemicals to suppress the activity of T and B cells. Stop the immune response to prevent uncontrolled activity. |
What do regulatory T cells do |
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Release chemicals to suppress the activity of T and B cells. Stop the immune response to prevent uncontrolled activity. |
What do regulatory T cells do |
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Autografts Isografts Allografts Xenografts |
Major types of grafts |
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Tissue transplanted from one site to another on the same person |
What are autografts |
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Immediate hypersensitivity |
Reaction begins within seconds of contact with allergen |
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Triggered by the release of lymphokines from activated helper T cells |
What is delayed hypersensitivity |
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Delayed hypersensitivity |
Symptoms usually appear within 1-3 days after contact with antigen |
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Immunodeficiencies |
Production or function of immune cells or complement is abnormal |
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Immunodeficiencies |
May be congenital or acquired |
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AIDS |
Example of an immunodeficiency |
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Autoimmune disease |
Immune system does not distinguish between self and nonself |
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The body produces antibodies and sensitized T lymphocytes that attack it's own tissues |
In Autoimmune disease.... |
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Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Type 1 diabetes mellitus Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Glomerulonephritis |
Examples of autoimmune disease |
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Multiple sclerosis |
White matter of brain and spinal cord are destroyed |
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Tissue grafts from an identical person(identical twin) |
What is an isograft |
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Myasthenia gravis |
Impairs communication between nerves and skeletal muscles |
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus |
Destroyed pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Destroys joints |
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Systemic lupus erythrematosus (SLE) |
Affects kidney, heart, lung and skin |
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Glomerulonephritis |
Impairment of renal function |
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Inefficient lymphocyte programming |
What self tolerance breakdown |
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Eggs Soren Eye lens Proteins in thyroid gland |
Appearance of self-proteins in the circulation that have not been exposed to the immune system |
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Rheumatic fever |
Cross-reaction of antibodies produces against foreign antigens with self-antigens |
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Thymus and spleen |
What two organs are not poorly developed before birth in the lymphatic system |
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Functioning lymphocytes only passive immunity from mother |
A newborn has no...... |
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Tissue taken from an unrelated person |
What is an allograft |
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Severe edema occurs but vessels grown back in time |
What happens when lymphatics are lost |
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Lymphatic tissues Lymphoid tissues and organs |
Two parts of the lymphatic system |
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Phagocytic cells and lymphocytes |
Lymphoid tissues and organs house...... |
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Hydrostatic and osmotic pressures |
Force fluid out of blood and at the arterial ends of the beds |
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Cleanse the lymph |
What do lymph nodes do |
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Tissue taken from a different animal species |
What is a xenograft |
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Autografts and isografts |
Ideal donor grafts |
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Xenografts |
Which grafts are never successful |
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Allografts |
More successful with a closer tissue match graft |
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Immediate hypersensitivity Delayed hypersensitivity |
Types of allergies |
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Triggered by release of histamine from IgE binding to mast cells |
What happens in immediate hypersensitivity |
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Anaphylactic shock |
Dangerous systemic response |
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Lymphatics |
Lymphatic vessels are also known as... |
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Lymphatics |
Lymphatic vessels are also known as... |
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Weaved between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body |
Where are lymph capillaries located |
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Lymphatics |
Lymphatic vessels are also known as... |
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Weaved between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body |
Where are lymph capillaries located |
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Their walls form walls loosely overlap one another, forming flap like mini valves |
What do we find at the end of the endothelial cells in the lymph capillaries |
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Lymphatics |
Lymphatic vessels are also known as... |
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Weaved between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body |
Where are lymph capillaries located |
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Their walls form walls loosely overlap one another, forming flap like mini valves |
What do we find at the end of the endothelial cells in the lymph capillaries |
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Collagen fibers |
What are the flaps in lymph capillaries anchored by |
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The endothelial flaps are forced together, preventing the lymph from leaking back out |
When the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels what happens? |
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The endothelial flaps are forced together, preventing the lymph from leaking back out |
When the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels what happens? |
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Proteins Cell debris Bacteria Viruses |
Prevented from eating blood capillaries |
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The endothelial flaps are forced together, preventing the lymph from leaking back out |
When the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels what happens? |
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Proteins Cell debris Bacteria Viruses |
Prevented from eating blood capillaries |
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Lymph capillaries-> lymphatic vessels (lymphatic collecting vessels)-> thoracic ducts-> venous system |
Transportation of lymph |
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The endothelial flaps are forced together, preventing the lymph from leaking back out |
When the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels what happens? |
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Proteins Cell debris Bacteria Viruses |
Prevented from eating blood capillaries |
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Lymph capillaries-> lymphatic vessels (lymphatic collecting vessels)-> thoracic ducts-> venous system |
Transportation of lymph |
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R arm and R side of head and thorax |
Right lymphatic duct drains lymph from... |
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The endothelial flaps are forced together, preventing the lymph from leaking back out |
When the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels what happens? |
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Proteins Cell debris Bacteria Viruses |
Prevented from eating blood capillaries |
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Lymph capillaries-> lymphatic vessels (lymphatic collecting vessels)-> thoracic ducts-> venous system |
Transportation of lymph |
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R arm and R side of head and thorax |
Right lymphatic duct drains lymph from... |
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Rest of the body |
Large thoracic ducts received lymph from.... |
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The endothelial flaps are forced together, preventing the lymph from leaking back out |
When the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels what happens? |
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Proteins Cell debris Bacteria Viruses |
Prevented from eating blood capillaries |
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Lymph capillaries-> lymphatic vessels (lymphatic collecting vessels)-> thoracic ducts-> venous system |
Transportation of lymph |
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R arm and R side of head and thorax |
Right lymphatic duct drains lymph from... |
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Rest of the body |
Large thoracic ducts received lymph from.... |
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Subclavian vein on their own side of the body |
Both the R lymphatic duct and thoracic duct empty.... |
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Milking action of skeletal muscles pressure changes in the thorax during breathing Smooth muscle in the walls of larger lymphatics contract |
How is the lymphatic system transported through lymph vessels |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
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Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
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Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
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Kidney-shaped, less than 1 inch |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
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Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
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Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
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A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
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A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
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Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
|
|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
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Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
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Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
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Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
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Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
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Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
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Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
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When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
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Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
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Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
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When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
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Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
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|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
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Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
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Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
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Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
|
|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
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|
Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
|
|
Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
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Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
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Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
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Hilum or efferent lymphatic vessels |
Purified lymph exits the lymph node.... |
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|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
|
|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
|
|
Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
|
|
Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
|
|
Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
|
|
Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
|
|
Hilum or efferent lymphatic vessels |
Purified lymph exits the lymph node.... |
|
|
Spleen Tonsils Thymus gland Peyers patches Lymphoid tissue in epithelial and connective tissues |
Other lymphatic organs |
|
|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
|
|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
|
|
Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
|
|
Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
|
|
Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
|
|
Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
|
|
Hilum or efferent lymphatic vessels |
Purified lymph exits the lymph node.... |
|
|
Spleen Tonsils Thymus gland Peyers patches Lymphoid tissue in epithelial and connective tissues |
Other lymphatic organs |
|
|
Redone and of reticular connective tissue and lymphocytes |
Common feature of lymphoid organs |
|
|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
|
|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
|
|
Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
|
|
Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
|
|
Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
|
|
Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
|
|
Hilum or efferent lymphatic vessels |
Purified lymph exits the lymph node.... |
|
|
Spleen Tonsils Thymus gland Peyers patches Lymphoid tissue in epithelial and connective tissues |
Other lymphatic organs |
|
|
Redone and of reticular connective tissue and lymphocytes |
Common feature of lymphoid organs |
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|
Filters blood L side of abdomen Provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance Store platelets Acts as blood reservoir |
Spleen... |
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|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
|
|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
|
|
Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
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Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
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Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
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Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
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Hilum or efferent lymphatic vessels |
Purified lymph exits the lymph node.... |
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Spleen Tonsils Thymus gland Peyers patches Lymphoid tissue in epithelial and connective tissues |
Other lymphatic organs |
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Redone and of reticular connective tissue and lymphocytes |
Common feature of lymphoid organs |
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Filters blood L side of abdomen Provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance Store platelets Acts as blood reservoir |
Spleen... |
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Hematopoietic site |
What does the spleen do in the fetus |
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Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
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Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
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Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
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Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
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A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
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Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
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Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
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Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
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|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
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|
Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
|
|
Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
|
|
Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
|
|
Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
|
|
Hilum or efferent lymphatic vessels |
Purified lymph exits the lymph node.... |
|
|
Spleen Tonsils Thymus gland Peyers patches Lymphoid tissue in epithelial and connective tissues |
Other lymphatic organs |
|
|
Redone and of reticular connective tissue and lymphocytes |
Common feature of lymphoid organs |
|
|
Filters blood L side of abdomen Provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance Store platelets Acts as blood reservoir |
Spleen... |
|
|
Hematopoietic site |
What does the spleen do in the fetus |
|
|
Peak at childhood Lymphoid mass found low in throat Produces thymosin |
Thymus gland..... |
|
|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
|
|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
|
|
Immune system |
Lymph tissues and organs are more closely related to..... Than the cardiovascular system |
|
|
Plasma cells |
Daughter cells of B cells |
|
|
Central medulla |
Where are Phagocytic macrophages located at in the lymph node |
|
|
Afferent lymphatic vessels (convex side) |
Where does lymph enter the lymph node |
|
|
Hilum or efferent lymphatic vessels |
Purified lymph exits the lymph node.... |
|
|
Spleen Tonsils Thymus gland Peyers patches Lymphoid tissue in epithelial and connective tissues |
Other lymphatic organs |
|
|
Redone and of reticular connective tissue and lymphocytes |
Common feature of lymphoid organs |
|
|
Filters blood L side of abdomen Provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance Store platelets Acts as blood reservoir |
Spleen... |
|
|
Hematopoietic site |
What does the spleen do in the fetus |
|
|
Peak at childhood Lymphoid mass found low in throat Produces thymosin |
Thymus gland..... |
|
|
Small masses of lymphoid tissue Ring the pharynx Found in mucosa Trap and removed bacteria from entering throat |
Tonsils..... |
|
|
Help protect the body by removing foreign material and produce lymphocytes that function in the immune response |
What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
|
Inguinal, ancillary, and cervical regions |
Where are the large clusters of lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Macrophages |
Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
|
|
Kidney-shaped Less than 1 inch Buried in connective tissue Surrounded by fibrous capsule Trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into compartments |
Characteristics of lymph nodes |
|
|
A network of soft reticular connective tissue that support continually changing population of lymphocytes |
Internal framework of lymph node |
|
|
Cortex |
Outer part of lymph node |
|
|
Follicles |
Collection of lymphocytes in lymph node |
|
|
Germinal centers |
Dark staining centers of follicles in lymph node |
|
|
When specific lymphocytes (b cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies |
When do germinal centers enlarge |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
What is MALT |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
What is MALT |
|
|
Protects upper respiratory and digestive tracts from never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities |
MALT does what? |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
What is MALT |
|
|
Protects upper respiratory and digestive tracts from never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities |
MALT does what? |
|
|
Innate and adaptive defense systems |
Two systems that make the immune system |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
What is MALT |
|
|
Protects upper respiratory and digestive tracts from never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities |
MALT does what? |
|
|
Innate and adaptive defense systems |
Two systems that make the immune system |
|
|
Innate |
Also called the nonspecific defense system |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
What is MALT |
|
|
Protects upper respiratory and digestive tracts from never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities |
MALT does what? |
|
|
Innate and adaptive defense systems |
Two systems that make the immune system |
|
|
Innate |
Also called the nonspecific defense system |
|
|
Innate |
Responds immediately to foreign substances |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
What is MALT |
|
|
Protects upper respiratory and digestive tracts from never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities |
MALT does what? |
|
|
Innate and adaptive defense systems |
Two systems that make the immune system |
|
|
Innate |
Also called the nonspecific defense system |
|
|
Innate |
Responds immediately to foreign substances |
|
|
Lymphocytes and macrophages |
Most important of the immune cells |
|
|
Found in wall of small intestine Captures bacteria |
Peyer's patches.... |
|
|
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
What is MALT |
|
|
Protects upper respiratory and digestive tracts from never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities |
MALT does what? |
|
|
Innate and adaptive defense systems |
Two systems that make the immune system |
|
|
Innate |
Also called the nonspecific defense system |
|
|
Innate |
Responds immediately to foreign substances |
|
|
Lymphocytes and macrophages |
Most important of the immune cells |
|
|
Disease-causing microorganism |
What is a pathogen |
|
|
Disease-causing microorganism |
What is a pathogen |
|
|
Skin and mucous membranes |
Body's first line of defense |
|
|
Disease-causing microorganism |
What is a pathogen |
|
|
Skin and mucous membranes |
Body's first line of defense |
|
|
Acid (sebum and vaginal secretions) Stomach mucous Saliva and lacrimal glands Mucous |
Protective secretions from the first line of defense |
|
|
Disease-causing microorganism |
What is a pathogen |
|
|
Skin and mucous membranes |
Body's first line of defense |
|
|
Acid (sebum and vaginal secretions) Stomach mucous Saliva and lacrimal glands Mucous |
Protective secretions from the first line of defense |
|
|
Lysozyme |
Enzyme that that destroys bacteria |
|
|
Inflammatory response Cells Chemicals |
Body's second line of defense |
|
|
Disease-causing microorganism |
What is a pathogen |
|
|
Skin and mucous membranes |
Body's first line of defense |
|
|
Acid (sebum and vaginal secretions) Stomach mucous Saliva and lacrimal glands Mucous |
Protective secretions from the first line of defense |
|
|
Lysozyme |
Enzyme that that destroys bacteria |
|
|
Inflammatory response Cells Chemicals |
Body's second line of defense |
|
|
Lyse and kill cancer cells Destroys virus-infected cells |
What do natural killer cells do? |
|
|
Disease-causing microorganism |
What is a pathogen |
|
|
Skin and mucous membranes |
Body's first line of defense |
|
|
Acid (sebum and vaginal secretions) Stomach mucous Saliva and lacrimal glands Mucous |
Protective secretions from the first line of defense |
|
|
Lysozyme |
Enzyme that that destroys bacteria |
|
|
Inflammatory response Cells Chemicals |
Body's second line of defense |
|
|
Lyse and kill cancer cells Destroys virus-infected cells |
What do natural killer cells do? |
