Ch. 12 Characterizing And Classifying Eukaryotes

Front 1

What is the chemical composition of algal cell walls?

Back 1

cellulose, agar, carrageenan, silica, or calcium carbonate

Front 2

What is unique about algal diseases?

Back 2

Disease symptoms result from ingestion of algal neurotoxins. The algae are unable to replicate in the human body.

Front 3

What is a mechanical vector?

Back 3

A mechanical vector is an arachnid or insect that carries pathogens on its body.

Front 4

What are chemoheterotrophs?

Back 4

Organisms that obtain their carbon and energy from organic chemicals in other organisms, their host, or their environment.

Front 5

How do protozoa survive osmotic pressure?

Back 5

Dinoflagellates and radiolaria have shells of silica or cellulose. Other protozoa use contractile vacuoles.

Front 6

Which of these are common malaria prevention methods?

Back 6

bed nets, prophylactic drugs, spraying for mosquitos

Front 7

What is the function of hyphae?

Back 7

These elongated cells produce reproductive spores and take in nutrients from the environment.

Front 8

Which one of these fungi causes Valley Fever?

Back 8

Coccidiodes immitis

Front 9

Lichens are a parasitic symbiosis between fungi and which other eukaryotes?

Back 9

cyanobacteria or algae

Front 10

Algae provide humans with cell wall material for manufacturing, food, and also ___.

Back 10

Oxygen!

Front 11

What are the structures of the Protozoa?

Back 11

1. Contractile Vacuoles

2. Cilia (for movement)

3. Flagella or pseudopodia

4. No CELL WALLS!! (except for dinoflagelletes and radiolarians)

5. Some make resistant structures called cysts.

Front 12

What are similarities of Protozoa?

Back 12

All protozoa require water or moist environment to survive.

Front 13

Protozoa Nutrition:

Back 13

Use 1of these methods or even both:

-chemoheterotrophs

-Photoautotrophs

Front 14

What is a Chemoheterotroph?

Back 14

They get carbon and energy from their environment or other organic sources.

(get carbs, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides)

Front 15

What is a Photoautotroph?

Back 15

Get carbon from CO2 and energy from sunlight.

Front 16

How do protozoa reproduce?

Back 16

-Asexual reproduction for most

-Sexual reproduction occurs in a few such as Plasmodium which causes Malaria

Front 17

Paramecium protozoa

Back 17

reproduce asexually or sexually.

Front 18

What are Fungi?

Back 18

yeasts, molds, and mushrooms

Front 19

Molds and Mushrooms structure:

Back 19

-They are multicellular

-contain Hyphae (where the nutrients are absorbed)

-Chitin (makes up the cell wall of Fungi) and cellulose cell walls

-tolerate hypertonic and hypotonic environments

Front 20

Yeasts Structure:

Back 20

-They are unicellular

-form pseudohyphae as they bud

Front 21

Fungal Nutrition:

Back 21

-Mosts yeasts use diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport to get nutrients.

-Chemoheterotrophic

-Pathogenic yeasts use specialized Hyphae called Haustoria to secrete digestive enzymes.

-NEVER photosynthetic!

Front 22

What are Lichens?

Back 22

Lichens are symbiotic relationships between an algae and a fungus or a cyanobacterium and a fungus. Becomes a lot more resistant!

Front 23

Fungal reproduction:

Back 23

-yeasts duplicate chromosomes asexually using mitosis and then parent cell divides in half.

-molds and mushrooms produce asexual or sexual spores. (used for identifying)

Front 24

Saccharomyces Cerevisia:

Back 24

very beneficial yeast.

Front 25

What is dimorphism?

Back 25

Pathogenic fungi grow like yeasts in one environment and grow like molds in a different environment.

Front 26

what are Mycoses?

Back 26

when molds and fungi colonize body surfaces.

Ex. athletes foot, Valley Fever, vaginal or oral candidas

Front 27

What is mycelium?

Back 27

the vegetative part of fungi containing hyphae