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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autonomic nervous system
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innervates all effector organs and tissues in the body except the skeletal muscles, including cardiac muscle, the smooth muscle found in blood vessels and various visceral organs (stomach & respiratory airways), glands (sweat glands, salivary glands, and some endocrine glands), and adipose tissue.
INVOLUNTARY nervous system |
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ANS
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sympathetic
parasympathetic |
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dual innervation
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both branches of the ANS innervate most organs, an arrangement known as _____ __________.
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parasympathetic
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The ____________ nervous system is most active during resting conditions, when it both stimulates the digestive organs inhibits the cardiovascular system.
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sympathetic
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In the ___________ nervous system it is mostly active during peroids of excitation or physical activity, when it coordinates a group of physiological changes known as the fight or flight response.
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fight or flight response
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in sympathetic nervous system
prepares body to cope w/ threatening situations. increases heart contractions |
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homeostasis
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The primary function of the ANS is to regulate the function of effector organs in order to maintain _____________.
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parasympathetic
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At rest, both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are active, but the _____________ dominates.
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autonomic
CNS |
In the _________ pathways, two neurons transmit info from the ___ to an effector organ.
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preganglionic
synapses |
The _____________ neuron originates in the CNS and travels to a ganglion in ther periphery, where it _________ w/a postganglionic neuron that innervates one of several types of effector organ.
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neuroeffector junction
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the synapse btwn an efferent neuron and its effector organ
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variosities
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Neurotransmitters are released from numerous swellings located at intervals along the axons of these neurons called ____________.
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variosities
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neurotransmitters are synthesized and then stored in vesicles.
usual voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels the support propagation of action potentials. contain Ca+ channels too. |
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visceral reflexes
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automatic changes in the functions of organs that occur in response to changing conditions w/in the body.
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hypothalamus
pons medulla oblongata |
What are the 3 major area of the brain that regulate autonomic function?
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hypothalamus
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The ______________ initiates the fight-or-flight response to elicit widespread activation of the S.N.S. when a person is in danger or is otherwise excited.
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hypothalamus
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The ____________ contains the regulatory centers for body temp., food intake, and water balance, all of which are regulated in some way by autonomic efferent neurons.
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medulla oblongata
pons |
The ________ __________ and ____ contaqin cardiovacular and respiratory regulatory centers that control the heart, blood vessels, and smooth muscle in respiratory airways and regulate automatic breathing patterns do not require conscious thought.
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autonomic reflexes
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pupillary light reflex
accommadation reflex vomiting reflex swallowing reflex |
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emotions
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________ have a strong effect on activity of the ANS and thus affect the functions of effector organs controlled by it.
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ANS
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nausea
motion sickness sweating |
