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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA contains the instructions for building….?
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DNA contains the instructions for making Proteins
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Describe all the functions of the product that you answered for question 1
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Structural components e.g. in skin, muscles and bone.
Enzymes e.g. the enzymes that help digest food regulate respiration. |
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DNA is a polymer. What is a polymer? What is the general name of the smaller subunits that DNA is composed of?
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A polymer is a large molecule made of many small molecules (subunits) joined together. The subunits of DNA are called nucleotides.
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What are the names (and abbreviations) of the four different bases? Which are purines and which are pyrimidines? What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
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Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) & thymine (T) are the four bases found in DNA.
A & G are purines, and G & T are pyrimidines. Purines are double ringed bases and pyrimidines are single ringed bases. |
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Sketch a simple diagram of a generalized nucleotide. Label the three parts.
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See figure 11.1 on page 288.
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Who are Watson and Crick?
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Watson & Crick (with some help) discovered the structure of DNA.
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Review the structure of DNA and then test your knowledge by covering up and the writing out the labels for question 1 on page 47 of your study guide.
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1. Deoxyribose (sugar), 2. Nitrogen base, 3. Nucleotide (pyrimidine), 4. Base pair, 5. Hydrogen bonds, 6. Phosphate group.
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Explain how the information for building proteins is coded in DNA.
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Information is coded in the sequence of the four bases along the DNA strands
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If the following letters represent the bases on one strand of a segment of DNA, what would the order of bases be on the complimentary strand?
T A C A C G G A G A T T |
ATG TGC CTC TAA
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Study the Inside Story on page 293. List and describe, in your own words, each of the four main steps in the process of DNA replication.
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Separation of strands, 2. Base pairing, 3. Bonding of bases, 4. Two new DNA molecules.
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Why is DNA replication necessary?
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DNA replication is required to provide copies of the cells DNA to build the new chromosomes needed for cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
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Compare and contrast DNA and RNA
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Comparisons: Both are nucleic acids; both are polymers composed of nucleotides; both have 4 different bases; both contain A, C & G.
Differences: DNA is composed of two strands and RNA is only composed of one; DNA nucleotides have the sugar deoxyribose and RNA nucleotides have the sugar ribose; the fourth DNA base is T and the fourth RNA base is U. |
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What are the three types of RNA and what is the function of each?
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Messenger (mRNA). Carries the genetic code needed to build proteins
Ribosomal (rRNA). Combines with proteins to form the ribosomes that assemble the proteins. Transfer (tRNA). Delivers the right amino acids to the ribosome during translation. |
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Study figure 11.6 on page 296. What is transcription? Where, within a cell, does it take place? Summarize, in your own words, the three main steps of transcription
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Transcription is the process that makes an RNA copy of a segment (gene) of DNA.
It occurs in the nucleus. See figure 11.6 for a summary of the three main steps of transcription. |
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Study figure 11.8 on page 300 & 301. What is translation? Where, within a cell, does it take place? Summarize, in your own words, the five main steps of translation.
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Translation is the process that coverts the coded information in an mRNA molecule into the sequence of amino acids in a protein. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. See figure 11.8 for a summary of the five main steps of translation.
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What would be the base sequence for an mRNA molecule transcribed from the section of DNA listed in question 9...? T A C A C G G A G A T T
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AUG UGC CUC UAA
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What would the order of amino acids in the protein translated from the mRNA molecule you gave for your previous answer?
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Met – Cys – Leu (stop)
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