Ch 12 13

Front 1

monasteries and cloisters

Back 1

the members of these religious communities who preserved the learning of the ancient world and transimitted it through their manuscrupts

Front 2

plainchant

Back 2

consists of a single line melody it is thus monophonic in texture lacking either harmony or counterpoint. Its free flowing vocal line subtly follows the inflections of the latin text and is generalr free from regular accents

Front 3

liturgy

Back 3

a term that refers to the set order of church services and the structure of each service

Front 4

Gregorian chant

Back 4

tradition often credits pope Gregory the great with codifying these melodies
Gregorian melodies numbering more than three thousand form an immense body of music nearly all of it annoymous
these chants avoid wide leaps allowing its gentle contours to create a kind of musical speech

Front 5

chant melodies fall in three main classes

Back 5

syllabic
neumatic
melismatic
based on how many notes are set to each syllable of text

Front 6

syllabic

Back 6

one note sung to each syllable of text

Front 7

neumatic

Back 7

generally with small groups of up to five or six notes sung to a syllable

Front 8

melismatic

Back 8

many notes set to a single syllable, which descended from elaborate improvisations heard in middle eastern music

Front 9

modes

Back 9

western music used a variety of scale patterns or this

Front 10

verse

Back 10

meant to be sung by a single leader

Front 11

unison

Back 11

same phrase is repeated by the choir

Front 12

responsorial

Back 12

practice of group repetition of a leader's text music phrase has its roots in ancient Jewish practice
the people are expected to repeat the leaders words and melody precisely rather than changing the idea

Front 13

polyphonic

Back 13

social singing developed more than a thousand years ago

Front 14

madrigal

Back 14

the most important secular gener of the era
a type of secular polyphonic part song
often feature expressive text setting word painting and multiple meanings

Front 15

part song

Back 15

separate musical lines are combined into a harmonious whole- a fitting sonic image for friendship

Front 16

polyphony

Back 16

tradition of singing that combines two or more simultaneous melodic lines

Front 17

round

Back 17

where each voice enters in succession with the same melody, resulting in as many as six voices singing at once

Front 18

genres

Back 18

categories of repertory / music dont necessary transfer from one society to another though they may be similar

Front 19

sacred music

Back 19

for religious functions

Front 20

secular music

Back 20

for everything else- entertainment and non religious activities

Front 21

genre

Back 21

is a more general term that suggests something of the overall character of the work as well as the functions
ex song is a genre

Front 22

symphony

Back 22

usually designating a four movement orchestral work

Front 23

form

Back 23

each movement of a symphony has specific internal form or structure

Front 24

symphony

Back 24

symphony also implies the medium or the specific group that performs the piece

Front 25

medium

Back 25

symphony also implies the medium, the specific group that performs the piece

Front 26

opus number

Back 26

another way works are identified is through a cataloguing system

Front 27

oral transmission

Back 27

the preservation of music without the aid of written notation

Front 28

cultivated

Back 28

how music operates in several different traditions

Front 29

vernacular

Back 29

music ,often called popular or traditional wrongly understood as spontaneously generated by untrained musician, are essential tradition in their own right and both rock and especially jazz are believed by many to be new art forms having already stood the test of time

Front 30

style

Back 30

may be defined as thr characteristic way an artwork is presented, indicate the creators personal manner of expression
Is made up of pitch time timbre and expression creating a sound that each culture recognizes its own

a knowledge of historical styles will help you place a musical work within the context, time and place, in which it was created

Front 31

tonal

Back 31

melody and harmony are deeply ingrained in our musical experience

Front 32

monophonic

Back 32

everyone sings the same melody like happy birthday to you

Front 33

ground

Back 33

a never ending round over tenor voices that sing two short repeated ideas (an ostinato or ground) exchanging them back or forth

Front 34

text of madrigal

Back 34

consisted of short poem of lyric or reflective character often including emotional expressions

Front 35

John farmer fair phyllis

Back 35

a pastoral text of an English madrigal

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cross over 11

Back 36

borrowing elements of one genre for use of another

Front 37

musical styles in history

Back 37